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Samenvatting leerpad B pneumo 3
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leerpad B - verdiepend 4
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LEERPAD B: PATHOLOGIE – PNEUMO 3ANTIHISTAMINICA
BEGRIPPEN ONTSTEKING OFTE INFLAMMATIE
Weefselreactie op schadelijke prikkel:
– Fysische prikkel: bv. snede in huid
– Chemische prikkel: bv. zuur op huid
– Microbiële prikkel: bv. virussen, bacteriën, fungi, parasieten ← pathogenen
– …
De reactie bestaat uit:
– Vasodilatatie: bloedvatverwijding → klinisch symptomen: roodheid (rubor) &
temperatuursstijging (calor)
– Extravasatie: vochtverlies uit bloedvat waardoor oedeemvorming → klinisch
symptoom: zwelling (tumor)
– Opwekking pijn-, jeukprikkel thv vrije zenuwuiteinden → klinisch symptoom:
pijngewaarwording (dolor)
– Functieverlies van het betrokken weefsel (functio laesie)
BEGRIPPEN ALLERGIE, MESTCELLEN EN HISTAMINE
Allergie is een overgevoeligheidsreactie van het immuunstelsel
Allergeen (bv. graspol) triggert mestcel tot vrijstelling van o.a. histamine
Histamine bindt met H1-receptoren van:
– Relaxatie gladde spiercellen rond bloedvaten → vasodilatatie
– Endotheelcellen → extravasatie
Zwelling respiratoir mucosa in de neus → neusverstopping, neusloop,
niezen, jeuk
WERKING
Antagonist H1-receptoren → blokkeren H1-receptoren
Types:
– Weinig sederend: niet door hersenbloedbaan, bv. Ceterizine (Zyrtec®)
– Sederend: wel door hersenbloedbaan, bv. Dimetindeen (Fenistil®)
Plaatsbepaling:
– Allergische rinoconjunctivitis
Niet:
– Astma, COPD
– Als ‘slaapmiddel’
Advies: inname ‘s avonds
1
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