TNCC pp5 final exam questions and answers
What roles are vital to a trauma team?
-The patient
-The team leader
-Core team
-Contigency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team?
- Clear roles and responsibilities
- Shared mental model
- Optimize resources
- Strong team leadership
- Engage in regular discipline of feedback
- Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
- Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
- Manage and optimize performance outcomes
-Interdependent and adaptive
What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma patient?
...
What tools can be used to promote communication within a team structure? What are the benefits of each?
- Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles and responsibilities, establish climate and goals,
and engage the team in short and long-term planning
- Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patient's arrival; communicate critical issues and emerging
events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources, express concerns
- Debrief: process improvement
Define trauma
Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates stressors that exceed tissue or organ's ability to
compensate
Define epidemiology
,Study of factors that determine and influence the frequency and distribution of injury, disease, and other
health-related events and their causes in a defined human population
When is the potential for traumatic injury present?
Whenever energy comes in contact with the human body
Define kinematics
The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or intentional injuries
Define biomechanics
The general study of forces and their effects
Define mechanism of injury
How external forces are transferred to the body, resulting in injury
Define potential energy
Stored energy; "at rest"
Define kinetic energy
Energy in motion
Describe Newton's First Law of Motion
A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside
force (energy)
Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion
(F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It takes more force to move a heavy object
Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of energy
Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form
What are the five forms in which energy exist?
- Mechanical: direct impact of an object
- Thermal
- Chemical
, - Electrical
- Radiant
The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________ energy
Kinetic
Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to
1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared
In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled, energy is quadrupled
Kinetic Energy formula
KE=1/2mv^2
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the context or trauma.
External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g., deceleration, acceleration, compression). Internal
forces represent the ability of the body to withstand external forces.
How do internal forces protect the body from injury?
- Compression strength: ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
- Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched
- Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue
List four main types of traumatic injury
- Blunt trauma
- Penetrating trauma
- Thermal trauma
- Blast trauma
Examples of blunt trauma
Falls
MVA
Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions
Assaults
*Can result from broad energy impacts across large surface areas and involve energy transfer causing
deceleration or acceleration
*Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the impact, the greater
the damage
What roles are vital to a trauma team?
-The patient
-The team leader
-Core team
-Contigency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team?
- Clear roles and responsibilities
- Shared mental model
- Optimize resources
- Strong team leadership
- Engage in regular discipline of feedback
- Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
- Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
- Manage and optimize performance outcomes
-Interdependent and adaptive
What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma patient?
...
What tools can be used to promote communication within a team structure? What are the benefits of each?
- Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles and responsibilities, establish climate and goals,
and engage the team in short and long-term planning
- Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patient's arrival; communicate critical issues and emerging
events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources, express concerns
- Debrief: process improvement
Define trauma
Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates stressors that exceed tissue or organ's ability to
compensate
Define epidemiology
,Study of factors that determine and influence the frequency and distribution of injury, disease, and other
health-related events and their causes in a defined human population
When is the potential for traumatic injury present?
Whenever energy comes in contact with the human body
Define kinematics
The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or intentional injuries
Define biomechanics
The general study of forces and their effects
Define mechanism of injury
How external forces are transferred to the body, resulting in injury
Define potential energy
Stored energy; "at rest"
Define kinetic energy
Energy in motion
Describe Newton's First Law of Motion
A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside
force (energy)
Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion
(F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It takes more force to move a heavy object
Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of energy
Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form
What are the five forms in which energy exist?
- Mechanical: direct impact of an object
- Thermal
- Chemical
, - Electrical
- Radiant
The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________ energy
Kinetic
Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to
1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared
In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled, energy is quadrupled
Kinetic Energy formula
KE=1/2mv^2
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the context or trauma.
External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g., deceleration, acceleration, compression). Internal
forces represent the ability of the body to withstand external forces.
How do internal forces protect the body from injury?
- Compression strength: ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
- Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched
- Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue
List four main types of traumatic injury
- Blunt trauma
- Penetrating trauma
- Thermal trauma
- Blast trauma
Examples of blunt trauma
Falls
MVA
Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions
Assaults
*Can result from broad energy impacts across large surface areas and involve energy transfer causing
deceleration or acceleration
*Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the impact, the greater
the damage
