Samenvatting Strafrecht met verwerking notities uit de les + verwerking van syllabus. Het maakt onderdeel uit van het keuzevak inleiding tot de criminologie en strafrecht, binnen het derde jaar orthopedagogie aan Hogeschool Gent.
Strafrecht = materieel en formeel strafrecht ........................................................................................ 11
Materieel strafrecht .......................................................................................................................... 12
Oefening hoofdstuk 1 ........................................................................................................................ 13
2. BRONNEN VAN HET STRAFRECHT
De wet ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Betekenis van het begrip wet ............................................................................................................ 14
Samenvatting......................................................................................................................................... 15
Oefeningen hoofdstuk 2 ........................................................................................................................ 16
3. DE STRAFWET
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 17
1. Legaliteitsbeginsel ............................................................................................................................. 17
2. Strikte interpretatie van de strafwet................................................................................................. 18
Letterlijke interpretatie van de strafwet ........................................................................................... 18
Teleologische interpretatie van de strafwet ..................................................................................... 18
De verboden analogische interpretatie ............................................................................................ 19
Toepassing van de strafwet in de tijd.................................................................................................... 19
Toepassing van de strafwet naar de persoon ....................................................................................... 20
Gelijkheidsbeginsel en non-discriminatiebeginsel ............................................................................ 20
Natuurlijke personen en rechtspersonen ......................................................................................... 20
Schuldonbekwaam ............................................................................................................................ 21
Immuniteiten en voorrechten ........................................................................................................... 21
Toepassing van de strafwet in de ruimte .............................................................................................. 22
Misdrijven op Belgisch grondgebied gepleegd ................................................................................. 22
Misdrijven die in het buitenland gepleegd worden .......................................................................... 22
Misdaden en wanbedrijven door een Belg gepleegd in het buitenland ........................................... 23
Misdaden waarvan een Belg in het buitenland slachtoffer is ........................................................... 23
4. HET MISDRIJF
, Door de wet omschreven .................................................................................................................. 24
Waarop een straf is gesteld............................................................................................................... 24
Constitutieve elementen van een misdrijf ............................................................................................ 25
Materieel element............................................................................................................................. 25
Moreel element ................................................................................................................................. 25
Wederrechtelijkheid .......................................................................................................................... 26
Indeling van de misdrijven .................................................................................................................... 27
Wettelijke 3-delige indeling: misdaden, wanbedrijven en overtredingen ........................................ 27
Belang van wettelijke indeling van misdrijven .................................................................................. 30
Afgeleid uit de Grondwet: politieke en persmisdrijven .................................................................... 30
Aard van het beschermde goed ........................................................................................................ 31
Volgens het moreel element: opzettelijke en onopzettelijke misdrijven ......................................... 32
Volgens uitvoeringswijze: handelings- en verzuimsdelicten ............................................................. 32
Rechtvaardigingsgronden van een misdrijf ........................................................................................... 33
Definitie en kenmerken ..................................................................................................................... 33
Soorten rechtvaardigingsgronden ..................................................................................................... 33
Wettige verdediging – noodweer (art.416 SW.) ........................................................................... 34
Noodtoestand................................................................................................................................ 34
Wettelijk voorschrift (art.70 SW.) ................................................................................................. 35
Hoger bevel (art.70 SW.) ............................................................................................................... 36
Onderscheid met schulduitsluitingsgronden .................................................................................... 36
Onderscheid met verschoningsgronden ........................................................................................... 37
Onderscheid met verzachtende omstandigheden ............................................................................ 37
Verzachtende omstandigheden, verschoningsgronden en verzwarende omst.................................... 37
Verzachtende omstandigheden ............................................................................................................ 37
Definitie en voorwaarden.................................................................................................................. 37
Gevolgen van verzachtende omstandigheden .................................................................................. 38
Verschoningsgronden............................................................................................................................ 38
Definitie en voorwaarden.................................................................................................................. 38
Overzicht van enkele verschoningsgronden ..................................................................................... 38
Verzwarende omstandigheden ............................................................................................................. 40
Definitie en voorwaarden.................................................................................................................. 40
Soorten verzwarende omstandigheden ............................................................................................ 41
2
, 5. DE STRAFRECHTELIJKE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID
Begrip .................................................................................................................................................... 42
Schuld ................................................................................................................................................ 42
Schuldonbekwaam ............................................................................................................................ 42
Moreel element van het misdrijf: opzet – onachtzaamheid ................................................................. 43
Opzet ................................................................................................................................................. 43
Graden van opzet .......................................................................................................................... 43
Modaliteiten van opzet ................................................................................................................. 44
Onachtzaamheid ............................................................................................................................... 45
Schulduitsluitingsgronden ................................................................................................................. 45
Dwang of overmacht ..................................................................................................................... 46
Dwaling of onwetendheid ............................................................................................................. 47
6. DE STRAFBARE POGING
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 48
De weg van het misdrijf – iter criminis .............................................................................................. 48
Het voornemen ............................................................................................................................. 48
Begin van de uitvoering ................................................................................................................. 49
Voltooid misdrijf ............................................................................................................................ 49
Belang van onderscheid – drie fasen............................................................................................. 50
Objectivistische en subjectivistische pogingsleer ............................................................................. 50
Objectivistische visie omtrent poging ........................................................................................... 50
Subjectivistische visie omtrent poging .......................................................................................... 50
Voorbeeld ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Strafbare poging .................................................................................................................................... 51
Definitie ............................................................................................................................................. 51
Constitutieve elementen van de strafbare poging............................................................................ 51
Moreel element ............................................................................................................................. 51
Materieel element ......................................................................................................................... 52
Specifiek element .......................................................................................................................... 52
Bestraffing van de poging (art.52-53 SW.) ........................................................................................ 52
7. DE STRAFBARE DEELNEMING
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................. 53
Mededaderschap en medeplichtige ...................................................................................................... 53
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