Essay
Unit 18 - Assessing Children's Developmental Support Needs (Assignment 2)
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This document contains P3, M3, P4, M4, M5, D2 and D3
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Unit 18 - Assignment 220/01/2023
Content:
Page 2 - 19: B.P3 + B.M3
Page 20 - 24: C.P4
Page 25 - 31: C.P5 + C.M4 + C.M5
Page 32 - 34: BC.D2
Page 35 - 36: BC.D3
Scenario:
Child development is the study of how children develop as they grow
physically, intellectually, linguistically, emotionally and socially. Children
develop at different rates according to their environment, their abilities,
the stimulation they receive and the opportunities that they are given
whilst they are growing up.
One of the career options that you are considering is working within a
Family Centre, and part of the knowledge that you will be expected to
know, would be child development. This would help you to support
families within the centre in the future.
,B.P3 - Discuss the influence of factors on children’s growth and
development
B.M3 - Assess how one are of development affected by factors may
impact on other areas of development
In this section of my report, I will be discussing the influence of factors on children’s growth
and development and the effect on holistic development. I will be looking at personal factors
such as health, genetics, and disability, prenatal factors (care during pregnancy, genetic
disease and lifestyle of the mother), socioeconomic factors including poverty, access to
services, culture and diet, environmental factors like housing and pollution, emotional
factors that include domestic abuse and poor attachment, and transitional factors.. It is
strictly looking at children from the ages of 0-8 years old. In terms of the M3 criteria, I will
be furthering my assessment of factors by considering its impact on specific areas of
development and using independent research to further my point.
Personal Factors:
Health: This factors regards a large area of a child’s life as health does not only include
physical health and risk of disease, but also includes mental health, wellbeing and a feeling of
security, warmth and a positive outlook on life in all aspects. For example, a child at the age
of three should have formed a secure attachment to their parental figure, usually a mother.
This would ensure that the child grows up being able to form attachments to others and
coexist peacefully with others. Children below the age of eight are greatly affected by their
health as this is the time of greatest development in life apart from puberty. Another example
of this is if a four year old is constantly travelling with their parents, they would lack regular
medical screenings as well as a troubled social life and disturbed education due to the
constant movement. This could decrease the likelihood of discovering illness and therefore
stunt growth from a young age. Some diseases, including Turner’s Syndrome, Down’s
Syndrome, and Anaemia, can be the cause of stunted growth. (Gill, McGurgan, 2023) This
could be prevented by settling down and taking regular tests and screenings in order to detect
disease or illness immediately otherwise they would be affected physically in terms of
development.
A child’s health is impactable during the early stages of life. Children with low risk of
disease, a safe environment and a secure upbringing will have good health . This will lead to
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,a healthy body in which the child can develop physically well. The child will be able to move
around and explore their surroundings freely, which will lead to typical development of
motor skills as well as keeping up with others when starting their education journey. One way
in which health can affect emotional development is how and when the child forms bonds
with their parental figure as well as forming multiple attachments to others. Health is not only
physical health, but according to the WHO, it is described as “a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” (WHO,
2023) If a child feels insecure around a parental figure, they would have failed to form an
attachment, leading to many negative impacts on their development. Many children develop
behavioural problems such as ADHD as well as difficulty learning. This affects the child’s
intellectual development as they will struggle to absorb information. In adult life, the delay to
intellectual development would cause the individual to struggle when caring for themself as
well as the limited cognitive function in the brain. (MontanaDPHHS, 2023) Delayed
cognitive development would impact social development as the child would be seen as
fundamentally different to others, therefore giving them less experience in interacting and
bonding to others. This is because the child would struggle and even fear forming
attachments to clothes in some cases. By the age of eight, a child should have formed
multiple secured attachments rather than a deprived child who will have not formed any
attachments or avoids attaching to their parental figure. (NSPCC Learning, 2021) Some
health conditions can also delay language development, such as Down’s Syndrome or
Autism. It is more difficult for autistic children aged 0-8 years to learn and adapt language,
suspected to be the case as they have more interest in their surroundings in comparison to
typical children who are more interested in other people during the first 12 months of life.
(Trembath, 2020)
Disability: Disability means to have a physical or mental impairment with substantial long-
term effects on the person’s ability to carry out day-to-day activities. (GMC, 2023) Disability
can be a result of an incident before, after, or during birth. Incidents before birth would
include genetic inheritance, poor health during pregnancy (such as by drinking or misuse of
substances), physical burden such as abuse, and disease contracted when in the womb. Some
examples of incidents during the process of birth include lack of oxygen, prolonged birth, or
lack of medical attention. For example, the child may be post-due, meaning to be developed
in the womb for more than 9 months, and therefore, they’ll be larger and consequently harder
to birth. In the last instance, a disability after birth can result from accident, abuse. Disease,
and illness. This includes a potential situation when a five year old gets into a car crash while
their parents are driving, resulting in a physical
disability that puts the child in a wheelchair.
Especially affecting those aged 0-8 years, a
disability can prevent the physical, cognitive and
social development of children due to physical or
mental disabilities. This could be seen as a six
year old child may be implicated physically and
therefore, face discrimination that halts their social
development.
Disabilities can cause intellectual and cognitive
development to be delayed, leading to gaps in their
language. This would cause the child to struggle communicating with peers and that leads to
a downfall in their social development. This would cause detrimental damage to the child as
they would show aggression, depression and anxiety in future as well as rejection from
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, school mates and others. (NASP, 2002) This shows a delay in not only cognitive
development, but also social development, language development and emotional
development. In this example, the effects of delay were long-term as the child would go on
later in life to be aggressive and struggling to catch up to others their age. On the other hand,
these areas of development can positively impact each other. For example, a girl with
paraplegia would be impacted in her learning, but to accommodate her, she would have an
assistant assigned to her to ensure she is learning well. This in turn will allow her to develop
on track linguistically due to needing to communicate with her assistant. Outside of lessons,
the child will interact without mistakes in her language and that will enable her to develop
socially as she interacts with her peers. By having well-rounded social and language
development, she can maintain a stable emotional state and develop securely emotion-wise.
Genetic Inheritance: A fundamental idea in genetics, genetic inheritance, describes how traits
are passed down from one generation to the next. The reason for genetic inheritance is due to
DNA as it is passed down from both parents, determining the child’s appearance, illnesses
and other traits. (Basic Biology, 2020) An example of genetic inheritance is gender. As
shown in the image above, a male has XY chromosomes while a female will have XX
chromosomes. This leaves a 50% chance for the child to be either gender. There are
exceptions such as if a newborn has XXY chromosomes. These however, are quite rare. This
can affect a child’s growth as it is a scientific fact that girls, with exceptions, grow at a slower
rate to boys. This includes height, head circumference and other measurable factors. “The
level of growth hormone (GH) was found to be higher in boys than in girls.” (Cho, Holditch-
Davis, Miles, 2010) The growth of those under the age 8 is highly affected as this is the
quickest growth period apart from during their adolescence. A child at the age of one can be
quite tall for their age due to the genes of the parents as they may be quite tall. As said earlier,
physical appearance can be inherited which includes height. The effect of genetics can affect
the child’s physical, intellectual and cognitive development as some conditions can possibly
cause the child to have a reduced understanding and interpretation of the world, such as
Down’s Syndrome.
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