Class notes
Animal Body Science Lectures involving Respiration
- Course
- Institution
This document includes all lectures involved in respiration. I took my own notes in class and added my friend's notes as well.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ellabogan
Content preview
respiratory Physiology – Lecture 1-4Lecture 1: Basic Principles of Gas Exchange in Animals
Supplementary Readings:
• textbook (5th edition, chapter 37, pages 977-994)
• textbook (4th edition, chapter 40, pages 1057-1072)
respiration
• exchange of respiratory gases – oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
o carbon dioxide à excrete it thought metabolism
• why is there a constant urgent need of O2 in animals?
• Constant O2 à most animals cells need a constant supply of ATP
(energy)
o ATP needs O2
Anaerobic vs Aerobic respiration
Þ Ana without O2
Þ AER with O2 / in the presence of O2
• C6H12O6 à 2CH3COCOOH + 4H à 2CH3CHOHCOOH +
4ATP
Þ ATP à Low ATP à less energy to function properly
• “Respiratory gases”
Þ C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2OO + 34ATP
Þ To perform all the processes in a constant
manner, there is a need for O2 out.
Three types of respirations
• External respiration
o Transport of O2 into and CO2 out of the body
Þ Breathing à lungs
• Internal Respiration
o Transports O2 into and CO2 out of cells
- cells and tissues that regular it
- CO2 – into the gas exchange membrane to get it out
• Cellular Respiration
o Intracellular catabolic reactions that convert stored energy to ATP
§ Utilization of O2 to produce ATP inside the cell (mitochondria)
External respirations
§ a gas exchange ( = respiratory) membrane is a thin layer of one or two simple epithelia
o fundamental process of physiology
§ physiological process follow laws of physics and chemistry
§ it separates internal tissues from the environmental medium (air or water)
§ external respiration is the process by which:
o environmental O2 --à membrane à tissues dissolved CO2 à membrane à environment.
physics of Diffusion
§ C1 & C2 = regions of high and low
concentrations of solutes
§ A = Diffusion Area
§ X = Distance separating the concentration
regions
§ D = diffusion co-efficient, influenced by Physico-chemical properties of the solute, & temperature.
,Application of Fick’s Law to the diffusion of respiratory gases (e.g., O2)
§ P1 & P2 = regions of high and low partial pressure, respectively
§ A diffusion area
§ X = distance separating the concentration regions
§ D = Diffusion co-efficient, influenced by Physico-chemical properties of the
gas, & temperature
o Gasesà from high to low
o Gas molecules move following the presence gradient not certainly the concentration
gradient.
How small does an animal needs to be to rely on diffusion of O2 alone?
§ Using Fick’s Law
o Vertebrate muscle requires O2 partial pressure – 40mmHg.
o Atmospheric O2 partial pressure = 160mmHg.
§ Rearranging the equation
o The distance inside the tissue where O2 partial pressure reaches a
minimum of 40 mmHg is – 1mm.
§ Diffusion alone is sufficient only for very small animals such as rotifers.
o Diffusion: show presence
o Oxygen will move a very small distance which will not meet the
requirement of our body cells.
§ Solution à internal respiration
As Organisms get large
§ Oxygen requirement increases with mass BUT!!!
§ Oxygen has to be transported over a larger distance
o Diffusion distance increases
o Their surface area gets proportionately smaller.
How could animals prevent respiration from being diffusion limited?
, surface area for
gas exchange
increases
proportionally
with the increase
size.
• thickness (um) on log scale à thickness of gas exchange
membrane
• mammals and birds à thinner cause they have higher
metabolic rate to get more oxygen.
§ helps in diffusion occurring more energy à to
maximize the uptake of the oxygen from air
and water.
Respiration in larger animals requires multiple steps.
§ Most vertebrates gas-transfer system involves:
o Breathing movements à ventilation
o Diffusion of gases across the respiratory epithelia
§ Gases: O2 in, CO2 out
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ellabogan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $26.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
56326 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now