Exam (elaborations)
BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (RATED A+)
- Course
- Institution
BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (RATED A+)
[Show more]
Content preview
BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (RATED A+)Erythrocytes contain the enzyme Correct Ans - carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes Correct Ans - the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages Correct Ans - remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages Correct Ans - narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside Correct Ans - in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells Correct Ans - continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis Correct Ans - The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins Correct Ans - genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte
ESV Correct Ans - volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when Correct Ans - stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function Correct Ans - K+,
Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ Correct Ans - blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction Excess in K+ Correct Ans - blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx Correct Ans - serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow inferiorly
larynx Correct Ans - passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses Correct Ans - resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces Correct Ans - opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus Correct Ans - carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole Correct Ans - carries air directly into a respiratory
bronchiole
pleural membranes Correct Ans - surround the lungs
surfactant Correct Ans - reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli Correct Ans - actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea Correct Ans - normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing Correct Ans - shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance Correct Ans - amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
inspiratory capacity Correct Ans - tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males
vital capacity Correct Ans - tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males functional residual capacity Correct Ans - residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law Correct Ans - states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect Correct Ans - when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases
Dalton's law Correct Ans - each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own
partial pressure
medulla oblongata Correct Ans - sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons Correct Ans - includes the pontine respiratory group
Blood is Correct Ans - a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma
(liquid) plus formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Whole blood Correct Ans - blood plasma and formed elements
Blood plasma Correct Ans - proteins, water, other solutes
Blood plasma proteins Correct Ans - albumins (54%), globulins (36%),
fibrinogens (7%)
Formed elements Correct Ans - red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood cell production Correct Ans - hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone marrow after birth
Reticulocyte Correct Ans - from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte Correct Ans - 120 days Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells Correct Ans - equals the rate of RBC destruction by macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is Correct Ans - the process by which phagocytic cells leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens Correct Ans - lysozyme, defensins, and
certain anions
Neutrophils Correct Ans - are usually the first and most numerous responders to an infection
Macrophages Correct Ans - react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from Correct Ans - mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts Correct Ans - platelet precursor cells, develop into megakaryocytes
Platelet Correct Ans - fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of plasma membrane
Platelet plug Correct Ans - can stop blood loss completely if the hole in
a blood vessel is small enough
Hemostasis Correct Ans - sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting
Blood clot Correct Ans - gel that contains formed elements of the blood
entangled in fibrin threads
In blood clotting Correct Ans - coagulation factors are activated in sequence, resulting in a cascade of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting Correct Ans - fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks into the blood from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Studyhall. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $19.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now