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IB History P2: Emergence of an authoritarian state
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Compare and contrast the conditions and the methods for the emergence of an authoritarian state in China and Russia
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P2: FACTORS AND CONDITIONS FOR RISE TO POWERPick one argument to have two supporting claims for and then have one for every other (in case u ever need to use a rebuttal/counterclaim)
Conditions
MAO - mainly the weakness of the government. => CCP was able to LENIN - Mix of social inequality and weakness of the government. => IN COMM
listen to the peasants which had been neglected for so long gov. Failing to address the social inequality => this anger is what themes b
allowed the Bolsheviks to emerge as leaders of the state.
ECONOMIC ● China was an agrarian society => lot of peasants ● Backwards economy Both of t
FACTORS ○ Meant that they lagged behind the european countries ○ Whereas the rest of European powers were moving industria
=> hence why they were able to have control over forward and industrializing, Russia remained an agrarian
China for so long => see 100 years of humiliation extremely agricultural country (80% of the pop.) resource
● The economic results of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War: ○ They had the lowest GDP amongst the Western made up
○ Due to the scorched earth policy put in place by the Powers (18.04.2
GMD => cities were flooded, crops destroyed, millions ○ Shortages of food and water
lost their home ○ All of this was worsened with WW1 as all of the
○ Japanese bombed industrial sites => set them back supplies were funneled to the army, leaving the poor Both cou
even more peasants even poorer than they were before. backwar
○ The war also caused hyperinflation (high prices), to sort of in
combat this the gov. Attempted to raise taxes that Lenin was ready to address these economic problems as well as they had
were already high, leaving even more in poverty => kickstart the Russian economy in order to make them compete with the Euro
cost of living had grown the other western powers through rapid modernisation and least ind
○ End of the civil war in 1949 => 1000% inflation industrialisation. food and
○ CCP Land policy => appealed to the farms bc it would early 20
give them more control over the land and get rid of being in
abusive landlords primarily
to consta
foreign p
economy
lacking r
industria
state cam
through
just how
The Civi
hyperinfl
(28.04.2
SOCIAL ● There was a big class divide => 80% peasants ● Social inequality Both had
DIVISION ○ Peasants paid high taxes => especially during the ○ Most of the population was dying of starvation while the which led
, warlord era, also had poor working conditions Tsar Nicholas II simply partied with his upper class Russia’s
○ Cities had a better quality of life => where all the rich friends, thus ignoring the increasing poverty within his actually
people lived country oppressi
CCP was able to appeal to the peasants, mainly due to Mao’s ○ High taxation for the lower income classes demand
background, meaning he was more popular to the majority of the ○ Poor working and living conditions => lack of resources whereas
country giving him more supporters than the GMD like food used as
○ Unrest of the population is shown through: to gain p
■ Bloody Sunday (jan. 1905) poorest y
● Peaceful demonstration in order to get (18.04.2
the Tsar’s attention to let them know of
their discontent towards the gov. Both Chi
● Soldiers opened fire and ended 4000 agrarian
dead/injured => led to the start of the estimate
1905 revolution peasants
■ Feb. Revolution (Feb. 1917) governm
● series of workers strikes against their Disconte
poor living and working conditions then the riche
end up being everyone coming together shown in
to protest against the tsarist regime Bloody S
● This leads to the Tsar’s abdication in revolutio
march 1917 populatio
● Leads to the temporary installment of fight for m
the Provisional Gov. (28.04.2
element
social ine
actively r
IMPACT OF ● WW1 ● Russo-Japanese War (1904-5): WW1 aff
WAR ○ More specifically the 1919 Treaty of Versaille ○ Lost by Russia => was a big humiliation because it was one losin
○ Territory that had been occupied by the Germans was the first time a big western power had lost to an other in e
given to Japan eastern/asian power the Japa
○ Seen as humiliating for the Chinese, still didn't have ○ There was an expectation that Russia would easily win war, Chin
full control over their own territory => May 4th so when they lost it came a shock victoriou
movement in 1919, student protests in Beijing to ○ Most likely due to a lack of organization within the hurt econ
protest the treaty and the gov.’s lack of fighting military the coun
against it ○ Left the pop. unhappy way for t
● 2nd Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) ● WW1: take pow
○ Scorched earth policy by the GMD to attempt to get ○ The war cost a lot of money and all of the country's remove R
rid of the Japanese => millions lost their home, crops resources, including human resources, were funneled Mao use
destroyed, houses flooded into the war effort => left peasant pop. with less food, war to ga
○ GMD during the war, after realizing they couldn’t win it fuel and water, factories now had less workers of the sit
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