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Samenvatting thorax van het vak topografische en radiologische anatomie
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Topografische anatomie van de thoraxInhoudsopgave
Algemene beschrijving thorax .......................................................................................................................... 2
Functies ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
Ademhaling ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Bescherming van vitale organen ......................................................................................................................... 7
Doorvoer van structuren ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Aanliggende regio’s .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Halsregio ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Bovenste lidmaat .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Borst (mamma, glandula mammaria) ............................................................................................................... 12
Abdomen ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Specifieke karakteristieken ............................................................................................................................ 14
Niveau T4-T5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Systeem-veneuze drainage naar rechts ............................................................................................................ 15
Segmentaire neurovasculaire organisatie van de thoraxwand ......................................................................... 16
Bezenuwing van het diafragma ........................................................................................................................ 19
Bespreking van de onderdelen ....................................................................................................................... 23
Thoraxwand ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Apertura thoracalis superior ............................................................................................................................. 25
Apertura thoracalis inferior (en diaphragma) ................................................................................................... 27
Pleuraholten ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Mediastinum ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
,Algemene beschrijving thorax
Kegel met 2 openingen
• Apertura thoracalis superior
o Kleinere bovenste opening
o Achteraan meer craniaal dan vooraan
o Thorax → hals
• Apertura thoracalis inferior
o Grotere onderste opening
o Achteraan meer caudaal dan vooraan
o Thorax → abdomen (diafragma)
Omsloten door thoraxwand
,Inhoud: thoraxholte (3 delen)
1. Linker pleuraholte
• Omgeeft linkerlong
2. Rechter pleuraholte
• Omgeeft rechterlong
3. Mediastinum tussen 1 en 2
• Bevat hart, grote vaten, slokdarm, luchtwegen en belangrijke zenuwen
, Klinische opmerkingen
• Pleura’s volledig gescheiden → pleurale aandoening mogelijks eenzijdig (soms tweezijdig)
• Pleuraholtes anterieur vrij dicht bij elkaar
o Zeker bij vergroot longvolume bv. astma, COPD door roken
o Openen sternum door middellijnincisie → pleuraholte open
• Craniale toppen pleuraholten en longen hoger dan rib I
o Aandoening in top mogelijk gevolgen in hals en omgekeerd
bv. steekwonde inn halsbasis → longlaceratie (= weefselscheuring)
bv. catheter in v subclavia → CAVE pneumothorax (= lucht tussen pleurabladen)
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