De psychologische ontwikkeling tussen 0 23 jaar en individuele verschillen (ESSBE1040)
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Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Dit is een samenvatting van alle literatuur en college's van het blok 1.3. Eerder had ik al een document geüpload met alle informatie die je voor blok 1.3. moet weten, dit document is een samenvatting van de belangrijkste dingen daarvan.
De psychologische ontwikkeling tussen 0 23 jaar en individuele verschillen (ESSBE1040)
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Samenvatting van de samenvatting
van 1.3.
Inhoud
Week 1 Belangrijke perspectieven voor de ontwikkeling van een kind..................................................4
Week 1:..................................................................................................................................................4
Week 2 – Prenatale ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................8
Ontwikkeling van het brein: neuro-embryologie................................................................................8
Vroege gehechtheid en de ontwikkeling van het sociale brein........................................................13
Genetische fundamenten van ontwikkeling (concepten/begrippen)...........................................15
De prenatale ontwikkeling............................................................................................................18
Week 2 – Persoonlijkheidsleer.............................................................................................................19
Deel A: Trekken & ontwikkeling........................................................................................................19
Deel B: The nature side of personality..............................................................................................21
Temperament...................................................................................................................................22
Het persoonlijkheidskenmerken concept.....................................................................................23
Gordon Allport (1897-1967).........................................................................................................26
Raymond Cattell...........................................................................................................................27
Hans Eysenck (1916-1997)............................................................................................................29
Classificatieschema’s / The Big 5..................................................................................................31
Week 3 – cognitie.................................................................................................................................35
Deel 1: de 3 cognitieve theorieën.....................................................................................................35
Piaget............................................................................................................................................36
Vygotsky.......................................................................................................................................43
Vygotsky versus Piaget.................................................................................................................46
Informatieverwerkingstheorie......................................................................................................47
Deel 2: taal........................................................................................................................................49
Fasen in de taalontwikkeling........................................................................................................52
Taal leren tijdens de voorschoolse periode..................................................................................55
Tweetaligheid...............................................................................................................................56
Theorieën over taalontwikkeling..................................................................................................58
Hersenspecialisatie en taal...........................................................................................................61
Cognitieve ontwikkeling in middelbare school.............................................................................61
Week 3 – Persoonlijkheidstheorie, situationsime en interactionisme..................................................63
Persoonlijkheidspsychologie /Trait-perspectief............................................................................64
1
, Situationisme/ sociale psychologie...............................................................................................64
Interactionisme.............................................................................................................................65
De persoon-situatie tweestrijd.....................................................................................................66
Aantekeningen hoorcollege..........................................................................................................67
Week 4 – Executieve functies...............................................................................................................69
Wat zijn executieve functies?...........................................................................................................69
Inhibitie............................................................................................................................................70
Cognitieve flexibiliteit.......................................................................................................................71
Werkgeheugen.................................................................................................................................71
Meten van executieve functies – 2 manieren:..................................................................................72
Ontwikkeling van executieve vaardigheden.....................................................................................72
De context op school (teaching through interactions).....................................................................75
Interventies buiten de klas...............................................................................................................77
Discussies rondom de executieve functies (EF)................................................................................79
Week 4 – Intelligentie...........................................................................................................................80
De G-factor.......................................................................................................................................87
IQ-debat...........................................................................................................................................92
Aanleg of omgeving?....................................................................................................................92
Eugenetica - nature.......................................................................................................................93
Nurture – omgeving......................................................................................................................93
IQ en ras.......................................................................................................................................95
Intelligentietests..............................................................................................................................96
Dickens & Flynn – Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects...............................96
Week 5 – emotionele ontwikkeling......................................................................................................97
Wat is emotie?..................................................................................................................................97
Emoties in de kindertijd....................................................................................................................98
Cognitieve ontwikkeling in de adolescentie......................................................................................99
Emotionele en sociale competentie...............................................................................................100
Overige punten die ik niet goed wist..............................................................................................101
Week 5 – Veerkracht en motivatie.....................................................................................................102
Deel 1: Veerkracht van kinderen en jongeren................................................................................102
Wat is veerkracht?......................................................................................................................102
Factoren die bijdragen aan veerkracht.......................................................................................102
Samenspel van kind- en omgevingfactoren die bijdragen aan veerkracht vanuit onderzoek.....103
Modellen van veerkracht:...........................................................................................................105
Deel 2: Motivatie............................................................................................................................107
2
, Verschillende perspectieven op motivatie..................................................................................116
Week 6 – Morele ontwikkeling (33 blz)..............................................................................................121
Deel A: morele ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................121
Wetenschappelijke theorieën.....................................................................................................131
Kohlberg versus Piaget / overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen de fases.................................138
Morele ontwikkeling - ouders en school.....................................................................................140
Deel B: Het zelf...............................................................................................................................142
Week 6 – Gender................................................................................................................................153
Nature............................................................................................................................................158
Expressie van specifieke genen...................................................................................................158
Geslachtshormonen....................................................................................................................158
Nurture...........................................................................................................................................162
Week 7 – Hoogbegaafdheid...............................................................................................................167
Deel 1: Definitie en modellen.........................................................................................................167
Deel 2: Hoogbegaafdheid en school...............................................................................................175
Week 7 – Identiteit en intersectionaliteit...........................................................................................183
Deel 1: Dimensies van ‘een’ identiteit............................................................................................183
Niveau’s inhoud en proces van identiteit...................................................................................183
Identiteitsontwikkeling (Marcia).................................................................................................186
Deel 2: Ervaren van meerdere identiteiten bij jongvolwassenen...................................................188
Combineren van culturele identiteiten in context (Vietze et al) complexiteit............................188
Meerdere marginaliseerde identiteiten (Juan et al) Intersectionaliteit......................................191
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