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Anatomy in physiology Summary
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I try to cover all Human body structure in simple words of understanding.
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Anatomy in physiology“Anatomy in physiology” is a textbook that covers the anatomy and physiology of the human body.
The 6th edition includes updated information on the latest research and technology related to the
subject. Some of the topics covered in the book include:
Basic anatomy and physiology: This section covers the organization of the body, cells and tissues,
and the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems.
Cardiovascular system: This section covers the anatomy and physiology of the heart, blood vessels,
and blood.
The cardiovascular system is respons noible for transporting blood, nutrients, oxygen, and waste
products throughout the body. The system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The heart is a muscular organ located in the chest that pumps blood throughout the body. It is
divided into four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The right
side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated
blood to the rest of the body.
The blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart,
while veins carry blood towards the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and allow for
the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissues.
Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells carry
oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, and
plasma is the liquid portion of blood that carries nutrients and waste products.
The cardiovascular system is regulated by the nervous system and hormones. The sympathetic
nervous system increases heart rate and blood pressure, while the parasympathetic nervous system
decreases heart rate and blood pressure. Hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline can also
increase heart rate and blood pressure.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system include hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary artery
disease (narrowing of the blood vessels that supply the heart), and heart failure (when the heart
cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs). Treatment options may include medications,
lifestyle changes, and surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery
Respiratory system: This section covers the anatomy and physiology of the lungs and respiratory
system.
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the
environment. The system includes the lungs, airways, and muscles of respiration.
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels down the pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and bronchioles to reach the alveoli in the lungs. The alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas
exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air enters the bloodstream through the walls of the alveoli, while
carbon dioxide from the bloodstream enters the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body.
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