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Samenvatting VSV1 - Casus 3 Proptosis

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Uitgebreide samenvatting Verworven Scheelzien 1 (VSV1) Casus 3 Proptosis. Orthoptie leerjaar jaar 2. De samenvatting gaat over verschillende oorzaken van proptosis, onder andere Graves' orbitopathie, myositis, ruimte innemend proces en orbitale cellulitis.

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  • April 17, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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Samenvatting VSV 1 - Casus 3 Proptosis
VSV1 WC - Schildklierafwijkingen en Graves..........................................................................................4
Schildklier...........................................................................................................................................4
Folliculaire cellen............................................................................................................................4
Parafolliculaire cellen.....................................................................................................................4
Werking..........................................................................................................................................4
Aanwezigheid schilklierhormoon....................................................................................................5
Normale schildklier hormoon controle...........................................................................................5
Hyperthyreoïdie..............................................................................................................................6
Hypothyreoïdie...............................................................................................................................6
Struma............................................................................................................................................6
Oorzaken schildklier problemen.....................................................................................................7
Behandelingen schildklier afwijkingen............................................................................................8
Hypothyreoïdie...........................................................................................................................8
Hyperthyreoïdie..........................................................................................................................8
Struma........................................................................................................................................8
Graves’ orbitopathie en Graves’ disease............................................................................................9
Definitie..........................................................................................................................................9
Abnormale schildklier hormoon controle en Graves’ disease........................................................9
Graves’ orbitopathie...........................................................................................................................9
Pathofysiologie.............................................................................................................................10
Kenmerken...................................................................................................................................10
Oculaire symptomen en tekenen..............................................................................................10
Actieve fase...........................................................................................................................10
Bindweefsel inflammatie..................................................................................................10
Cornea exposure...............................................................................................................10
Extra-oculaire spier vergroting..........................................................................................10
Müller spier overactie.......................................................................................................12
Toename orbitale volume.................................................................................................12
Tabel oculaire symptomen en tekenen in Graves orbitopathie................................................13
Inactieve fase........................................................................................................................13
Monitoren van tekenen van klinische activiteit en ernst..............................................................14
CAS score..................................................................................................................................14
NOSPECS score.........................................................................................................................14
Onderzoek naar thyroid dysfunctie..............................................................................................15



1

, Flowchart beheer Graves orbitopathie.........................................................................................16
WC1- Hoofdcasus Graves.....................................................................................................................17
Graves Orbitopathie.........................................................................................................................17
Oculaire symptomen....................................................................................................................18
Differentiaal diagnoses.................................................................................................................18
Beheer..........................................................................................................................................18
Systemische behandeling van thyroïde disfunctie........................................................................18
Hyperthyroïdie..........................................................................................................................18
Hypothyroïdie...........................................................................................................................18
Beheer van Graves orbitopathie...................................................................................................20
Actieve fase..............................................................................................................................20
Lokale behandeling...............................................................................................................20
Cornea exposure...............................................................................................................20
Diplopie.............................................................................................................................20
Systemische behandeling......................................................................................................21
Immunosuppressie...........................................................................................................21
Orbitale radiotherapie......................................................................................................21
Orbitale decompressie......................................................................................................21
Inactieve fase...........................................................................................................................21
Orbitale decompressie..........................................................................................................22
Principe.............................................................................................................................22
Methode...........................................................................................................................22
Complicaties.....................................................................................................................22
......................................................................................................................................................22
Extra-oculaire spier chirurgie........................................................................................................23
Aanmeten prisma’s...........................................................................................................................24
WC2 - RIP + Graves...............................................................................................................................25
Mechanisch vs Neurogeen............................................................................................................25
Algemene etiologie van strabismus..................................................................................................26
Extra-oculaire Myopathie.................................................................................................................26
Primaire extra-oculaire muscle myopathie...................................................................................26
Immuun Myopathie......................................................................................................................27
Inflammatoire Myositis.................................................................................................................27
Neoplastische Myositis.................................................................................................................27
Traumatische Myopathie..............................................................................................................28
......................................................................................................................................................28



2

, A-patroon bij Graves orbitopathie....................................................................................................29
Oorzaken......................................................................................................................................29
Kenmerken...................................................................................................................................29
A-patroon alleen zichtbaar bij extreem naar beneden kijken...................................................29
Etiologie................................................................................................................................29
Beheer..................................................................................................................................29
A-patroon alleen zichtbaar in bovenblik..................................................................................29
Etiologie................................................................................................................................29
Beheer..................................................................................................................................29
A-patroon die ontstaat door van boven naar beneden te kijken..............................................30
Etiologie................................................................................................................................30
Beheer..................................................................................................................................30
WC3 myositis-orbitale cellulitis - Tolosa Hunt + hoofdcasus................................................................31
Orbitale Myositis..............................................................................................................................31
Kenmerken...................................................................................................................................31
Differentiaal diagnoses.................................................................................................................32
Beheer..........................................................................................................................................32
Niet chirurgische behandeling......................................................................................................33
Strabismus chirurgie.....................................................................................................................33
Differentiaal diagnose tabel Myositis en Graves orbitopathie..........................................................33
Tolosa-Hunt syndroom.....................................................................................................................34
Kenmerken...................................................................................................................................34
Oorzaak.........................................................................................................................................34
Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................34
Prognose.......................................................................................................................................34




3

, VSV1 WC - Schildklierafwijkingen en Graves
Schildklier
De schildklier (thyroid) is een hormoonklier die net voor de luchtpijp zit en
net onder het strottenhoofd. Het ziet er uit een klein vlindertje met twee
kwabben en in het midden een verbinding (isthmus).
De functie van de schildklier is het produceren van 3 hormonen:
- De 2 schildklier hormonen: T3 en T4
- Calcitonine



Folliculaire cellen
De cellen van de schildklier zijn vierkante cellen die in een
rondje liggen. Dit rondje wordt een follikel genoemd. Om deze
reden heten de cellen van de schilklier folliculaire cellen.
De folliculaire cel maakt het molecuul thyreoglobuline aan en
neemt jodide op uit het bloed. Aan het gemaakte molecuul thyreoglobuline gaat het
opgenomen jodide zitten. Er gaan dan OF 3 jodides eraan zitten (T3) of 4 jodides
(T4).Vervolgens wordt het opgeslagen binnen in de vloeistof van de follikel (colloïd).

Parafolliculaire cellen
Naast de follikels liggen de parafolliculaire cellen, ook wel de C-cellen. Dit zijn de cellen die
calcitonine maken. Calcitonine is een hormoon dat een rol speelt in de homeostase van
calcium en fosfaat en staat log van de functie van de andere schildklier hormonen.



Werking
De schildklier wordt aangestuurd door de schildklieras. Dit gebeurt
via de hypothalamus die het hormoon TRH afgeeft, waardoor de
hypofyse TSH afgeeft. In de schildklier zorgt dit ervoor dat de
schildklier hormonen worden afgegeven. Door de hormonen die de
schildklier afgeeft, stijgt de bloedspiegel en door negatieve
feedback wordt dit weer terug gestuurd naar de hypothalamus en
hypofyse als rem op het systeem.


In de circulatie zitten T3 en T4 bijna allemaal gebonden aan eiwitten (>99%) en maar een
klein deel is vrij beschikbaar (<1%). De gebonden hormonen kunnen hun functie niet
uitvoeren, dat kunnen alleen de vrije hormonen. Dit is zodat:
- Er altijd een beschikbare buffer is van het schildklierhormoon.
- De bloedspiegel van het vrije hormoon constant blijft.
o Goed in het kader van homeostase
- De hormonen die vast zitten aan het eiwit overleven langer, waardoor het efficiënter
werkt.




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