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PROLACTINOMA IN BRIEF
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Prolactinoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathologyOsmosis from Elsevier
Prolactinomas
A prolactinoma is a benign tumor or adenoma of the pituitary gland that secretes
excess prolactins. The pituitaries are a pea-sized gland hanging by a stalk from
the base of the brain. Prolactinomas are functional tumors meaning that they
secrete high levels of prolactin. They typically form when there's a mutation in
the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitarian that allows the cells to divide
uncontrollably.
Microprolactinomas that are less than 10 millimeters in diameter are considered
microprolactinsomas.
Those that are greater than 10mm in diameter and those that are more than 10 mm in
size are called macroprolactorinomas.
Macroprolactinomas can compress surrounding structures like the meninges which is
the protective layer overlaying the brain that typically causes pain when it's
stretched. Also, an enlarged pituitary gland can compress the optic nerves as they
cross at the optic chiasm.
An enlarged pitpituitary can cause vision problems as it affects a person's ability
to view things that are in the temporal or outermost portion of the visual fields
in both eyes in the visual field in one eye and this can cause a person to have
tunnel vision problems.
An enlarging pituitarians are affected by an enlarged pincuitary. This can also
compress the optical nerves as the optic nucleucleucleosis.
Women with prolactinomas at an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Both
sexes can experience decreased libido and infertility. Radiation therapy can
sometimes be useful. Prolactinomas are typically treated either with dopamine
agonists or with surgery with surgery or by dopamine agonists like bromocriptine
and cabergoline which can be used to inhibit prolactin in the uterus and breast
tissue growth in the breast tissue in women with prolactinomas.
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