EVCC Nurs 120 test 2 Questions With Complete Solutions

What are the main functions of the kidneys? (A WET BED) correct answer: - Acid base balance - water balance - electrolyte balance - toxin removal - blood pressure control - erythropoitein [hormone secreted that increases the rate of RBCs in response to falling oxygen in cells] - Vitamin D metabolidm Describe the normal formation of Urine correct answer: 1. Glomular filtration: blood flows into kidneys & filters water/electrolytes 2. Tubular filtration: fluid moves from tubules to capillaries 3. Tubular secretion: Fluid moves from capillaries to renal tubules 4. Urine excretion: 30 ml/hr What are risk factors that lead to altered urine elimination in the elderly correct answer: - Polypharmacy - decreased mobility and ability to make it to bathroom - decreased pelvic muscle strength - cognitive & physical ailment (dementia) What are common urinary diagnostics? correct answer: - GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; rate of blood flow to the kidneys - BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen; normal waste product resulting from the breakdown of proteins. Increased levels can indicate a kidney problem & be toxic in the body - Creatine: End product of muscle metabolism solely filtered from the blood via glomerulus - Urine Specific gravity: measure