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Summary Native Americans: OCR Civil Rights in the USA () $4.50   Add to cart

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Summary Native Americans: OCR Civil Rights in the USA ()

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Complete timeline and overview of the Native American section of the OCR A-Level Civil Rights in the USA course. In date order with details of each event.

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  • April 18, 2023
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Native Americans Civil Rights Review

1865-1914:

 Reservation Policy – began in 1850s, prevented NA from moving freely, allowed gov. to enforce laws
 Manifest Destiny – gov. wanted to assimilate NA, believed NA land belonged to whites
 Battle of Little Bighorn –1876, Custer vs. NA tribes, tribes won
 Dawes Act/Allotment Policy – 1887, broke up reservations, granted land to NA
 Massacre at Wounded Knee – 1890, prevented NA cultural/religious dances
 Lone Wolf v Hitchcock – 1903, revoked all treaties made with NA
 Society of American Indians – 1911, 50 NA campaigned for better education, healthcare etc (failed by 1920s due
to lack of money)

1914-1945:

 Indian Citizenship Act – 1924, gave all NA the vote BUT many didn’t want it
 The Meriam Report – 1928, condemned the Dawes Act, highlighted poor conditions of NA
 John Collier – wanted to help NA, improve their conditions, wrote the Meriam Report
 Wheeler Howard Act/Indian Reorganisation Act – 1934, aimed to preserve traditional NA culture
 National Congress of American Indians – 1944, represented 50 tribes, aimed to unite NA


1945-1969:

 Indian Claims Commission – 1946-78, reclaim NA land, BUT money not land, SLOW process
 Termination Policy – 1953, NA no longer wards of the state, no gov. help
 National Indian Youth Council – 1961, pride among young Indian people
 AIM – 1968, improvement/militant/attacked discrimination against NA youth
 Alcatraz Siege – 1969, 14 NA occupied Alcatraz, once belonged to them, wanted it back
 Johnson’s ‘Forgotten Americans’ speech – wanted to help NA, recognise poor conditions



1969-1992:

 President Nixon – passed the 1975 education act, NA commissioner for NA affairs
 Indian Education Act – 1975, gave a more ‘Western’ education for young NA
 Lost land returned to Makah, Taos, Pueblo & Yakama tribes – via ‘Forgotten Americans’ speech
 Fish-ins – 1970, protestors breaking ‘unjust’ laws
 NA focus on literature/culture – 1960s/70s, NA renaissance
 Occupation of Mount Rushmore – 1971, wanted the land to be returned
 Bureau of Indian Affairs Siege – 1972, protest, wanted NA treaty rights/living standards recognised
 Occupation at Wounded Knee – 1973, they owned the land, wanted it returned to them
 Oneida v Oneida and Madison Counties – 1974, return of NA lands
 President Ford – supported positive change for NA
 Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act – 1975, federally recognised NA tribes
 President Carter – passed the American Indians Religious Freedom Act
 Native American Religious Freedom Act – Carter, 1978, legalised NA ceremonies etc
 Fisher v Montana – 1976, adoption of NA
 Indian Child Welfare Act – 1978, prevent break-up of NA families
 President Reagan – didn’t support NA, withdrew fed. assistance for NA, no longer ‘wards of state’
 Sioux v United States – 1980, wanted compensation for US gov. taking Sioux lands
 Seminole Tribe v Butterworth – 1981, right to create gambling enterprises on land
 Charrier v Bell – 1986, remains from burial grounds would belong to NA

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