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Geschiedenis van de Oudheid - Samenvatting - Christiaan Laes
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Samenvatting syllabus + delen van Naerebout Singor, 2021, Christiaan Laes 14/20 behaald
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GESCHIEDENIS VANDE OUDHEID
Christiaan Laes
Laure Put
Uantwerpen, faculteit letteren en wijsbegeerte, departement geschiedenis
Academiejaar 2021-2022
1
,INHOUD
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Methodologische inleiding .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Bronnen ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Materiële grondslagen .............................................................................................................................. 6
2. De prehistorie.................................................................................................................................................. 6
N.S. 49-59 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Uitweiding: neolithische culturen ................................................................................................................... 7
Deel 1: Griekenland en Voor-Azië ........................................................................................................................... 7
3. Het Oude Nabije Oosten en Egypte (ca. 3500 - ca. 1000 v. C.) ...................................................................... 7
3.1 Oude Nabije Oosten .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Egypte...................................................................................................................................................... 10
4. Griekenland (ca. 3000 - ca. 1000 v.C.) ........................................................................................................... 12
4.1 De omgeving ........................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 De Minoïsche beschaving ........................................................................................................................ 13
4.3 De Myceense beschaving ........................................................................................................................ 16
5. Het Oude Nabije Oosten, Egypte en Perzië (ca. 1000 - ca. 500 v.C.)............................................................. 21
6. De Griekse wereld (ca. 1000 - ca. 500 v.C.) ................................................................................................... 24
6.1 Historisch overzicht ................................................................................................................................. 24
6.2 Maatschappelijke structuren .................................................................................................................. 25
6.3 De twee grote stadstaten: Sparta en Athene .......................................................................................... 29
6.4 De Griekse diaspora ................................................................................................................................ 40
6.5 Gemeenschapsleven en mentaliteit ........................................................................................................ 42
7. Het klassieke tijdvak (vijfde – vierde eeuw v.C.) ........................................................................................... 48
7.1 De Perzische oorlogen ............................................................................................................................. 48
7.2 De hegemonie van Athene ...................................................................................................................... 51
7.3 De Peloponnesische oorlog (431-404 v.C.) ............................................................................................. 53
7.4 Politieke onmacht in de Griekse wereld (vierde eeuw v.C.) ................................................................... 55
7.5 Macedonië vult het machtsvacuüm (361-338 v.C.) ................................................................................ 57
7.6 Gemeenschapsleven en mentaliteit ........................................................................................................ 59
8. Het hellenistische tijdperk (338 v.C. – eerste eeuw v.C.) .............................................................................. 64
8.1 Alexander de Grote ................................................................................................................................. 64
8.2 De diadochen of opvolgers ..................................................................................................................... 65
8.3 Griekenland en Macedonië ..................................................................................................................... 66
8.4 Het Seleucidenrijk ................................................................................................................................... 66
8.5 Bactrië en Parthië ................................................................................................................................ 66
2
, 8.6 De joden [tot in de late oudheid] ............................................................................................................ 67
8.7 De Ptolemeeën in Egypte ........................................................................................................................ 69
8.8 De hellenistische cultuur ......................................................................................................................... 71
Deel 2: Het Romeinse Rijk ..................................................................................................................................... 73
1. Geografisch kader ......................................................................................................................................... 74
2. De oudste Italische bevolking ....................................................................................................................... 75
3. Het ontstaan van Rome en de Koningstijd (753 - 509 v.C.) ........................................................................... 77
3.1 Probleem van de bronnen ....................................................................................................................... 77
3.2 De antieke traditie................................................................................................................................... 77
3.3 Mythe, archeologie en geschiedenis ....................................................................................................... 79
3.4 Moderne reconstructie ........................................................................................................................... 79
3.5 Maatschappelijke structuren .................................................................................................................. 80
3.6 Herstructurering van de bevolking onder de Etruskische koningen ....................................................... 80
4. De Republiek: maatschappelijke structuren ................................................................................................. 82
4.1 De overgang van Koningstijd naar Republiek .......................................................................................... 82
4.2 De strijd tussen patriciërs en plebejers ................................................................................................... 83
4.3 Burger, halfburger, vreemdeling, slaaf.................................................................................................... 85
4.4 De magistraten ........................................................................................................................................ 86
4.5 De senaat ................................................................................................................................................ 89
4.6 De volksvergaderingen ............................................................................................................................ 89
5. De Republiek: binnenlandse en buitenlandse veroveringen ......................................................................... 90
5.1 De verovering van Italia .......................................................................................................................... 90
5.2 De externe veroveringen ......................................................................................................................... 92
6. De woelige eerste eeuw ................................................................................................................................ 93
6.1 Maatschappelijke structuren .................................................................................................................. 93
6.2 Het volkstribunaat van de Gracchen ....................................................................................................... 94
6.3 De legerhervorming van Marius .............................................................................................................. 95
6.4 De bondgenotenoorlog ........................................................................................................................... 97
6.5 De eerste burgeroorlog en de dictatuur van Sulla .................................................................................. 97
6.6 Pompeius en Caesar: het eerste triumviraat en de tweede burgeroorlog ............................................. 98
6.7 Het tweede triumviraat met Antonius en Octavianus .......................................................................... 100
6.8 Octavianus, de grondlegger van het Principaat .................................................................................... 102
6.9 Het culturele leven in de eerste eeuw v.C. en het Augusteïsch tijdvak ................................................ 104
7. Het Romeinse keizerrijk en omstreken (eerste tot zesde eeuw n.C.) ......................................................... 105
7.1 De keizers van het Principaat (27 v.C. – 284 n.C.) ................................................................................. 106
7.2 Het Dominaat (284 – 395) ..................................................................................................................... 108
7.3 Het Westen en het Oosten na de splitsing ............................................................................................ 108
3
, 7.4 Perzië onder Parthen en Sassaniden ..................................................................................................... 109
7.5 De Kelten ............................................................................................................................................... 110
7.6 De grote maatschappelijke structuren van het Romeinse rijk .............................................................. 111
7.7 Gemeenschapsleven en mentaliteit ...................................................................................................... 114
8. De zesde eeuw en later ............................................................................................................................... 118
Epiloog: Continuity and Change – de erfenis van de oudheid ........................................................................ 118
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