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Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden - Samenvatting - Pierre Delsaerdt
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Samenvatting syllabus Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden, 2021, Pierre Delsaerdt 15/20 behaald
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GESCHIEDENISVAN DE
NEDERLANDEN
Pierre Delsaerdt
Laure Put
Uantwerpen, faculteit letteren en wijsbegeerte, departement geschiedenis
Academiejaar 2021-2022
,INHOUD
Praktisch .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Hoofdstuk 0 | Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Hoofdstuk 1| De Nederlanden: geografische situering .......................................................................................... 8
1 De Lage Landen bij de zee ................................................................................................................................ 8
2 Excursus: Cartografie in de Nederlanden: Leo belgicus-kaarten...................................................................... 9
Hoofdstuk 2 | de bourgondische nederlanden ..................................................................................................... 10
1 Wat voorafging: territoriale versnippering .................................................................................................... 10
A. Landsheerlijkheden ................................................................................................................................... 10
B. Autonome steden ..................................................................................................................................... 11
C. Standenoverleg ......................................................................................................................................... 12
2 Bourgondische dynastie en territoriale expansie........................................................................................... 13
A. Filips de Stoute (1342–1404) .................................................................................................................... 13
B. Jan zonder Vrees (1371–1419) .................................................................................................................. 14
C. Filips de Goede (1396–1467) .................................................................................................................... 14
D. Karel de Stoute (1433–1477) .................................................................................................................... 14
E. Maria van Bourgondië (1457–1482) ......................................................................................................... 14
3 Naar een bestuurlijke centralisatie ................................................................................................................ 15
A. Meer eenvormigheid in gewestelijke bestuursapparaten ........................................................................ 15
B. Bovengewestelijke integratie .................................................................................................................... 15
C. Gewapende onderdrukking ...................................................................................................................... 16
D. Balans ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Hoofdstuk 3 | De Nederlanden onder Karel V ...................................................................................................... 17
1 Dynastieke achtergronden ............................................................................................................................. 17
2 Territoriale expansie ...................................................................................................................................... 18
3 Verdere bestuurlijke centralisatie .................................................................................................................. 19
A. Raad van state........................................................................................................................................... 20
B. Geheime raad ............................................................................................................................................ 20
C. Raad van financien .................................................................................................................................... 21
4 Balans ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
5 Einde van de regering van Karel V .................................................................................................................. 25
Hoofdstuk 4 | Filips II en de opstand .................................................................................................................... 25
1 Filips II ............................................................................................................................................................ 25
2 Oorzaken van ontevredenheid in de Nederlanden ........................................................................................ 26
Fase 1 van de Opstand (tot 1566): legale oppositie en Beeldenstorm ............................................................. 27
Fase 2 (1566–1572): repressie en verscherping van het protest ...................................................................... 29
, Fase 3 (1572–1576): veralgemening van de opstand ....................................................................................... 30
Fase 4 (1576–1588): radicalisering en verdeeldheid ........................................................................................ 31
Hoofdstuk 5 | de spaanse nederlanden in de zeventiende eeuw ........................................................................ 33
1 Wat vooraf ging .............................................................................................................................................. 33
2 De regering van Albrecht & Isabella ............................................................................................................... 34
A. Soevereine vorsten ................................................................................................................................... 34
B. Aartshertogelijk bestuur ........................................................................................................................... 34
C. Steun aan de contrareformatie ................................................................................................................. 35
D. Internationale ontwikkelingen .................................................................................................................. 36
3 Landvoogden na 1633 .................................................................................................................................... 36
4 Pacificatie en scheiding: de Vrede van Munster, 1648 .................................................................................. 37
5 Slachtoffer van strategische waarde: het slagveld van Europa...................................................................... 37
Hoofdstuk 6 | De Republiek in de 17e en 18e eeuw (1588-1751) ......................................................................... 38
1 Wat vooraf ging .............................................................................................................................................. 38
2 Vorming van een nieuwe staat 1588-1598 .................................................................................................... 39
A. Bondgenootschappen tegen gemeenschappelijke vijand ........................................................................ 39
B. Financiële middelen .................................................................................................................................. 39
C. Adequate bestuursvormen ....................................................................................................................... 41
D. Bezieling: vrijheid en religie ...................................................................................................................... 43
3 Oorlog of vrede 1598−1625 ........................................................................................................................... 43
4 De ‘Gouden Eeuw’ 1625−1650 ...................................................................................................................... 46
5 Regenten ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
6 VOC en WIC .................................................................................................................................................... 48
A. Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (°1602) ............................................................................................ 48
B. West-Indische Compagnie (°1621) ............................................................................................................ 49
7 Stadhouder versus raadspensionaris ............................................................................................................. 49
8 Buitenlands beleid .......................................................................................................................................... 51
9 Gouden eeuw? ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Hoofdstuk 7 | De Oostenrijkse Nederlanden in de 18de eeuw ............................................................................ 53
1 Een ongelukkige start: de Spaanse Successieoorlog (1700-1713).................................................................. 53
2 De eerste eeuwhelft: vestiging van het Oostenrijks-Habsburgs gezag (1713-1744)...................................... 54
A. Binnenlandse politiek................................................................................................................................ 54
B. Sociaal-economische situatie .................................................................................................................... 55
C. Kerk en religie ........................................................................................................................................... 55
3 Een cesuur: Oostenrijkse successieoorlog en Franse bezetting (1744-1748) ................................................ 56
4 Heropleving onder Maria Theresia (1748-1780) ............................................................................................ 57
A. Binnenlandse politiek................................................................................................................................ 57
, B. Sociaaleconomische politiek ..................................................................................................................... 57
C. Kerk en religie ........................................................................................................................................... 58
D. Cultuurbeleid in teken van Verlichting ..................................................................................................... 58
Hoofdstuk 8 | Brabantse Omwenteling en Franse overheersing in het Zuiden.................................................... 59
1 De Brabantse Omwenteling 1789-90 ............................................................................................................. 59
A. De hervormingspolitiek van Jozef II .......................................................................................................... 59
B. 1787-89: opstand tegen Oostenrijk .......................................................................................................... 60
C. 1790: de Republiek der Verenigde Nederlandse Staten ........................................................................... 62
2 De Luikse Revolutie 1889-90 .......................................................................................................................... 64
3 Eerste Oostenrijkse restauratie 1790-92 ....................................................................................................... 64
4 Eerste Franse inval 1792-93 ........................................................................................................................... 65
5 Tweede Oostenrijkse restauratie 1793-94 ..................................................................................................... 65
6 Inlijving bij Frankrijk 1794/95-1814 ............................................................................................................... 65
Excursus Karel Van Hulthem ............................................................................................................................. 67
Hoofdstuk 9 | Patriottentijd en Bataafse Revolutie in het Noorden .................................................................... 67
1 Wat voorafging ............................................................................................................................................... 67
A. Achtergrond 1: De jaren 1760-1780 ......................................................................................................... 68
B. Achtergrond 2: 1780, de Republiek bedreigd door Engeland ................................................................... 68
C. Achtergrond 3: De Nederlandse Verlichting ............................................................................................. 68
2 De Patriottentijd in de Republiek 1785-87 ..................................................................................................... 69
A. Patriottisme .............................................................................................................................................. 69
B. Opstand 1785-87....................................................................................................................................... 69
C. Restauratie van het stadhouderlijk gezag 1787 ........................................................................................ 70
3 De Bataafse Revolutie van 1795 ..................................................................................................................... 70
4 In de greep van Napoleon Bonaparte ............................................................................................................ 71
Begrippen .............................................................................................................................................................. 72
Hoofdstuk 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 72
Hoofdstuk 3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 73
Hoofdstuk 4 ....................................................................................................................................................... 74
Hoofdstuk 5 ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
Hoofdstuk 6 ....................................................................................................................................................... 77
Hoofdstuk 7 ....................................................................................................................................................... 79
Hoofdstuk 8 ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
Hoofdstuk 9 ....................................................................................................................................................... 82
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