10 – De Russische Revolutie
Verschillende maatschappelijke domeinen (eind 19 de
eeuw – begin 20ste eeuw)
Politiek domein: Tsaar Nicolas II regeerde als een autocraat over Rusland (alleenheerser)
Economische domein: Verouderde landbouweconomie met beginnende industrialisatie
Sociaal domein: duidelijke sociale hiërarchie (geen protesten tegenslaan)
o Top (Bejaren): Tsaar – Keizer – Adel – Leger - Clerus
o Basis (Moejiks): Boeren – Arbeiders (90%)
Ruslands radicalisering
Opstanden
o Politieke, economische, sociale situatie
o Landbouwcrisis
o Hongersnood
o Financiële problemen
Oppositiegroepen door tegenwerking toegevingen 1860 van zelfde regering
o Bolsjewieken (arbeiders / deel leger)
Marxistische geïnspireerde sociaaldemocratische partij
o Arbeidsklasse: motor van de revolutie
o Leiding: groep intellectuelen
o Grote aanhang: proletariaat
Splitsing na meningsverschil rond evolutie
o Bolsjewieken
Radicaal
Onder leiding van Lenin
o Mensjewieken
Gematigd
Rechten via parlement
Iets hogere burgerij
9 januari 1905 in Sint-Petersburg Bloedige Zondag
o Vreedzame betoging
Misoogsten
Verhoogde belastingen
Nederlaag Japan
o Vraag om dalende voedselprijzen
o Tsaar zette leger in en liet betogers neerschieten
o Gevolg: Algemene staking + Rellen Bolsjewieken
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