Summary Nervous system and endocrine system flashcards
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Course
Unit 5 - Energy, Exercise and Coordination
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
This is a document of my own Quizlet flashcards from my Biology A level revision. It includes the majority of important terms from the topic. There are 82 terms and definitions on the topic. If you would prefer to cut up the definitions and stick them onto flashcards I can attach a different format...
nerves and hormones
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1. impulse a signal transmitted along a neurone
2. neurone A nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses in the ner-
vous system.
3. sensory neurone - one long dendron carries nerve impulses from receptor
cells to the cell body
- cell body in the middle of neuron
- short axon carries impulse from the cell body to CNS
- myelinated axon
4. relay neurone - many short dendrites carry impulses from sensory neu-
ron to the cell body
- axon carries impulse from the cell body to motor neurons
- un-myelinated axon
5. motor neurone - many short dendrites carry impulse from CNS to cell
body
- one long myelinated axon carries impulse from cell body
to effector cells
6. effector cells that act in response to stimulus e.g. muscle or gland
7. receptor
, nerves and hormones
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detects stimulus
in sense organs
8. CNS central nervous system; brain and spinal cord
9. axon carry impulse away from cell body
10. cell body part of neurone which contains cytoplasm and other or-
ganelles like nucleus
11. dendrite carries impulses toward the cell body (plural)
12. dendron carries impulses toward the cell body (singular)
13. endoplasmic - RER aids protein synthesis
reticulum - SER aids lipid synthesis
- both molecules are needed by nerve cells to function
14. mitochondria - organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration to release
energy in the form of ATP
15. ribosome - organelle that translates mRNA into a polypeptide chain
by bonding amino acids together
- proteins needed for nerve cell transmission
16. myelin sheath - insulating fatty material to keep impulse travelling inside
axon
17. nodes of Ranvier - gap in myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells
- this means impulses travel along axons jumping from
node of Ranvier to the next node of Ranvier
18. Schwann cells - cells that make up the myelin sheath
- the cells wrap around the axon like a coil
19. saltatory con- Rapid transmission of a nerve impulse along an axon, re-
duction sulting from the action potential jumping from one node of
Ranvier to another, skipping the myelin-sheathed regions
of membrane.
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