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Summary Statistics for Premaster

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A summary of the course statistics for premaster communication & information sciences. In the summary, weekly learning goals are answered using lecture notes and mandatory reading. This is supplemented with notes from the practical units. A flowchart of assumption testing and APA report template fo...

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Statistics for Premaster Communication & Information Sciences
Premaster course (2021)
Course code: 800547-B-6
Tilburg University


Weekly learning goals including:
 Book summary: Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS statistics (Field, A);
 Supplemented with theoretical lecture notes;
 And practical units (PU) notes.
 Flowcharts of tests (& their assumptions) + clicks in SPSS
 APA report templates (per test)

,Week 1: Introduction: doing research (Chapters 1&4).............................................................4

The role of data in the research design........................................................................................4

Types of variables........................................................................................................................5

Types of research.........................................................................................................................7

The SPSS environment................................................................................................................7

Week 2: research methods & statistical models (Chapters 2&5)..............................................8

Models & measurement errors.....................................................................................................8

Frequency distributions (normal distributions)............................................................................8

Mean, mode, median and standard deviations.............................................................................9

Testing research questions: principles.......................................................................................10

Week 3: exploring data with graphs & comparing means (Chapters 5&10).........................12

Independent, dependent, one-sample t-test................................................................................12

Week 4: Testing assumptions / Bias (Chapter 6)......................................................................15

Explore data: histograms, box plots & bar charts, line charts, scatter plots..............................15

Assumptions...............................................................................................................................15

Homogeneity of variance...........................................................................................................18

Week 5: The SPINE of statistics (Chapter 2)............................................................................19

Week 6: Comparing Means (Chapter 12&18.9-18.12).............................................................21

Week 7 & 8: Comparing means (Chapter 14)...........................................................................25

Week 9: Chi-square test (Chapter 19).......................................................................................29

Week 10: Correlation Analysis (Chapter 8)..............................................................................33

Week 11 & 12: (Simple) Linear regression analysis (Chapter 9)............................................36

Overview of Statistical Tests & their Steps...............................................................................42

T-test..........................................................................................................................................42

One-way ANOVA.....................................................................................................................42

, Factorial ANOVA......................................................................................................................43

Chi-square..................................................................................................................................44

Correlation.................................................................................................................................44

Regression..................................................................................................................................45

APA REPORTS...........................................................................................................................46

Effect sizes.................................................................................................................................46

T-test..........................................................................................................................................48

One-way ANOVA.....................................................................................................................49

Factorial (two-way) ANOVA....................................................................................................50

Chi-square..................................................................................................................................52

Correlation.................................................................................................................................53

Regression..................................................................................................................................53

, Week 1: Introduction: doing research (Chapters 1&4)
The role of data in the research design
…can explain the research process and what each step in the process entails.
Research starts with curiosity, with a question. If this question cannot be answered by looking up
information, you can start research. Can you collect data? When the research becomes testable,
you call it scientific.


Observation (= observe real world and read existing research) > generate theory > hypotheses
(pag.5) > research to collect data > analyze the data = back to generate theory




A theory is a hypothesized general principle (or set of principles) that explains why. Theories
allow you to create new hypotheses.


Generating a hypothesis: creating a prediction which you are going to test through falsification
(possibility of disproof).
With falsification you are going to disproof a theory or hypothesis. Your point of departure in
hypothesis-testing is always that there is no difference.

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