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WALDEN UNIVERISTY, NURS 6635 MIDTERM
NURS 6635
MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated Exam
Elaborations Questions with Answers
Explanations
Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021
, QUESTION 1
1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and
adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders.
Answer:
A Norepinephrine
B GABA
.
CDopamine
.
D Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC)
circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin,
dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the
CSTC.
Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward
system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of
reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations.
Step-by-Step explanation
References
Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... &
Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive
compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.
Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel
pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-81.
QUESTION 2
1 points
1. Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder.
Answer:
A Opioid analgesics .
B TCA and SSRI . antidepressants
C Beta-adrenergic . blockers
DMood stabilizers .
Opioids analgesics
Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021
Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak
, opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with low
levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine,
can be used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain.
Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain relievers
(endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and
gastrointestinal tract.
Step-by-Step explanation
References
Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017).
Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under
general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.
Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication: how
patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine, 23(9),
1336.
1 points
QUESTION 3
1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder.
A Anorexia
. nervosa
B Bulimia
. nervosa
Answer:
.
CPurging D Binge .
A. Anorexia Nervosa
Step-by-Step explanation
Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve
themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders,
tends to affect more women than men.
1 points
QUESTION 4
1. Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common.
A Pain .
.
C Somatic
Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021
. symptom
D Factitious
.
BConversion
Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely
getting sick or by self-injury.
1 points
, QUESTION 5
1. Select two imaging methods used to study anxiety disorders.
A CT . 1 points
B TM . S
.
C MRI D EKG .
QUESTION 6
1. Select the two factors that do not cause dissociative amnesia. A Sexual
. abuse
B Substance
. abuse
Answer: A .
CSurgical pain .
D Partner
. betrayal
Step-by-Step explanation
The correct answer is;
A. Sexual abuse D.
Partner betrayal
Substance abuse and surgical pain can cause dissociative amnesia.
Dissociative amnesia is a disorder in which a person loses track of vital details from their past. This
forgetfulness can be limited to a few key areas (thematic), or it might encompass a large portion of a
person's life history and/or identity (general).
Drug and alcohol usage not only raises the risk of having a co-occurring or comorbid substance use
disorder, but it can also intensify dissociative amnesia symptoms.
Dissociative disorders are essential to the pain physician because persistent pain can be
accompanied with dissociative symptoms. A disruption in the integrated functions of
consciousness, memory, identity, or perception characterizes dissociative
disorders.
Reference
Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021
Wagener, D. (2019, September 5). Treatment for dissociative amnesia and substance abuse. American
Addiction Centers. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/dissociative- disorders/amnesia-substance
abuse-treat
1 points
QUESTION 7
1. Select the correct epidemiologic fact about major depression in children and adolescents.
A There is a 20% incidence by age 18
.
B The incidence is equal in adolescent females and males
Answer:
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