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Wiktoria GwozdzUnit 12: Supporting Individuals with additional needs.
Student Number: GWO20002914
Enabling Individuals with additional needs to face daily challenges
P2: Explain how disability can be viewed as a social contrast?
The medical model is when you look at a person’s impairment and try to treat it with medications and
other medical treatments. (Bllingham,2016) An example of a medical model within society could be
surgery. Medical models are wrong because the doctors use their judgement of the patient’s behaviors,
the doctors. The doctors ask questions to do with their “abnormal” behavior. (McLeod,2018) The
criticism of the medical model is that it isolates individuals from society. It creates the feeling of being a
“burden” The medical model only defines the individual purely because of their disabilities. Not every
additional need can be cured or treated using medical interventions. The medical model does not focus
on the cause but its symptoms and treatment.
However, there is also the social model. The social model focuses on how society is organized rather than
the person’s impairments. The social model focuses on the environment that is developing around the
individual’s impairment. It also looks at the barriers that restrict life choices. When those barriers are
removed, it allows the individuals to be more independent and it allows them to be equal in society
compared to everyone else. The social model views disabilities as being caused by how society is the
reason that disabilities are shaped and made that way. This is compared to the medical model due to its
difference; the medical model purely only looks at a person’s impairment and tries to treat it with
medications and other treatments. It is taking a more medical approach compared to the social model.
The social model focuses on society and how it is organized rather than the individual’s impairments.
This is taking a more environmental approach rather than medical.
Social Construct is an idea that appears natural or obvious to people that accept it. But it is created by
people’s minds by their thoughts and ideas, so it is not real. Social construct has created environmental
barriers, communication barriers, organizational barriers, and attitudinal barriers. Social contrast has
created environmental barriers because if the building is old and is too fragile to build on then it does not
become accessible for individuals who require additional needs. As a result, we just do not bother trying
to make the building accessible we may just throw in a ramp and tell them to “deal with it.” We are
allowing environmental barriers to happen. We are allowing it to happen because we are assuming that
wheelchair users do not have control over aspects of their lives. As a society we believe that wheelchair
users do not even leave their house and that they are just locked away in their own home just because
they have an additional need. As a society we have created communication barriers because we just
assume that they do not leave their own home. According to the study that was made by the equality
and Human rights Commission. That was made to show how progress towards equality, “over 20 years
was littered with missed opportunities” (BBC, 2017) This suggests that society has decided to ignore
being equal.
Individuals who require an additional need are experiencing disadvantages within United Kingdom. They
are made to be seen like they have no life. They are made to be seen as “freaks” just because of their
difference within society. When the society has created this negative image of the disabled community,
, they have created this negative stereotype of the community. The statistics have shown that, 23 percent
of disabled people within the ages of 21 to 64 in the United Kingdom have a degree as their highest
qualification. This suggests that individuals who are disabled are still able to achieve highly within their
studies. Having high qualifications also helps them get into employment easier, statistics have shown
that around 52.1 percent of disabled people were in employment. (National Statistics, 2021)
Unfortunately, the society has created an attitudinal barrier towards the disabled community in the
terms of employment because they chose to be discriminated against and decided not to be equal and
chose to point out the difference within them. Statistics have shown that the employment rate of
individuals with additional needs is about 53 percent. Comparing it individuals who do not have an
additional need it is about 82 percent. (Scope, 2022) This shows that employers choose individuals only
based on whether they have any impairments. Employers chose to give them this negative stereotype
because they believe they are “useless” in trying to do any work. They believe they are miserable and
depressed who are just going to sit around and “do nothing.” This is unfortunately the reality for
individuals with additional needs.
A disability is a physical or mental condition that limits movement or restricts the senses or tasks of an
individual. Long-term means the conditions affect the individual for more or equal to 12 months.
Impairment is when an individual loses a function of any part of their body, this is permeant or can be
temporary, which can be physical or even mental. (Bllingham,2016)
There are four types of discrimination; direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, and
victimization. Direct discrimination is when somebody is treated differently and not as well as other
people because of disability. An example of direct discrimination can be when somebody says something
nasty for example about a wheelchair. Victimization is treating someone unfairly because they have
made a complaint about discrimination towards a disabled person. An example of this could be laughing
at someone just because they are in a wheelchair. (Blingham,2016)
Referring to the case studies of Rebecca Brown. Rebecca Brown has experienced direct discrimination
within the neighborhood. As stated in the case study “not tolerant” of Rebecca’s difference and the
family has received unpleasant comments. This suggests that disability has been made to look like it is
terrible. According to the medical model, the medical model would suggest Rebecca get surgery to get
rid of the barriers. However, the social model would suggest that society is the issue in creating those
barriers. Social Model argues that society should be the one to cut all the barriers for the disabled like
Rebecca to be able to live their life like “normal” non-disabled people.
Using the other case study of Ben Grace, Ben has a learning disability which is down syndrome. Ben has
also experienced direct discrimination. Ben experienced it while he went shopping with his residence
were local youths who shouted at Ben. There was also an incident where Ben was refused entry to the
fun fair by the manager. The manager through that Ben’s “appearance” would scare off potential
customers. The medical model would try and treat his condition and try and make him “appear normal.”
This suggests that the medical model believes that the barriers were created due to Ben’s difference
within society. As a result, Ben must sadly live in a world where everything is not made accessible for him
and other disabled individuals like Rebecca. While the society model believes that society has made
everything inaccesible for them. Society is too arrogant to make changes for the disabled community
and just throw in the most basic things.
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