In deze samenvatting staat uitvoerig beschreven:
1. Onderzoeksdesigns (research designs)
2. Uitkomstmaten (outcome measures)
3. Selectie en informatiebias (selection and information bias)
4. Analyse van dichotome en continue uitkomstmaten (analysis of dichotomous and continuous outcome variables)
5...
Summary Online Epidemiology Course
Research Designs
Epidemiology is a strong increase in the
prevalence of a certain disease and is not
limited to infectious diseases.
Epidemiology is the research of a disease or
health in people, while epidemiology is the
methodology of epidemiological research.
Descriptive epidemiology: Frequencies of
disease of health states in populations
For example: What is the proportion of yearly
lung cancer cases in the Dutch adult
population?
Analytical epidemiology: It is about relationships, causes, diagnostics or course of diseases. For
example: Is smoking a cause of lung cancer?
In analytical epidemiology there are determinants (the possible cause; independent variable) and the
outcome (dependent variable).
Epidemiological studies are most interested in relationships between determinants and outcomes
(cause and effect relationships).
There are a lot of factors that can influence the outcome that was measured, that were measured or
weren't measured. Therefore, it can become difficult to measure the effect of a certain determinant on
a outcome.
Experimental designs (Trials; Randomized Trials)
In experimental research, the study of the participants is manipulated with the aim of examining
whether the manipulation has any effect. The participants are assigned to a category of the
determinant, and the researcher chooses what the category of the determinant is.
In experimental studies participants are allocated to a determinant (intervention) and can be extended
to comparison of more than 2 groups.
For example: Exercise therapie vs massage vs placebo
Experimental trials can be divided into:
• Pragmatic trials
• Explanatory trials
In pragmatic trials the degree of beneficial effect in "real" clinical practice are measured. So the
question that is asked: Which treatment is the best for my patient? (not important why the
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