AP Biology- Genetics Q&A

AP Biology- Genetics Character - an observable heritable feature. Trait - any detectable variation in a genetic character. True-breeding - Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate. Hybridization - carries two different alleles of the same gene P generation - parental generation F1 generation - first filial generation (the word filial from the Latin word for "son"), the hybrid offspring of the P generation. F2 generation - (second filial generation), offspring of the F1 hybrids' self-pollination. Alleles - Alternate versions of a gene. Punnett Square - a diagram that helps you predict the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of known genetic makeup. Homozygous - an organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character is said to be ___________ for the gene controlling that character. Heterozygous - an organism that has two different alleles for a gene is said to be ____________ for that gene. Phenotype - an organism's traits. Genotype - an organism's genetic makeup. Law of Independent Assortment - Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation and combines independently of each other. Rules of Multiplication - To determine the probability of two or more independent events, you multiply the probability of one event by the probabilities of the other events. Rules of Addition - If you add up the individual probabilities of two or more mutually exclusive events, you can predict the probability for any one of them to occur. Incomplete dominance - is the blending of traits. ex: red snapdragon plant and white snapdragon plant produce pink snapdragon plant.