The lecture notes are all about cytoskeleton and cell to cell interaction.
Some cell-cell interactions are transient, such as the interactions between cells of the immune system and the interactions that direct white blood cells to sites of tissue inflammation. In other cases, stable cell-cell jun...
• Organise many components in the cytoplasm
• Interact mechanically with environment
• The Cytoskeleton is a Highly dynamic structure that
is constantly reorganised as a cell changes shape,
grows, divides, and responds to it’s environment
,Why do cells need a
cytoskeleton?
The interior of the cell is in constant motion (e.g., movement of organelles
or vesicles) and the cytoskeleton provides the machinery for:
• Intracellular movements, e.g. transport of organelles
• The segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells at mitosis
• Pinching apart of animal cells at cell division
In addition, the cells itself can move – exterior/large scale movements
(e.g., red blood cells moving around the body or cells of the innate
immune system moving around the body during the inflammatory
responses) – cytoskeleton responsible for large scale movements:
• Crawling of cells along a surface
• During inflammation, clotting, wound healing, and the spread of cancer
• Contraction of muscle cells
• Changes in cell shape that take place as an embryo grows
• Other examples: movement of cells for clotting/wound healing, cancer cell
metastasis
, Components of the
cytoskeleton
• Actin filaments (microfilaments)
• Microtubules
• Intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton & large-scale movement
• In addition to internal and exterior movement, the cell may also
contain additional components which contain cytoskeleton. For
example:
• Other cells have cilia:
• Short cellular processes often arranged in rows
• In several tissues the beating of cilia is an important process. The sensory
cells of the vertebrate ear also contain cilia
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