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Samenvatting Volwassenenvorming (P0S73a)

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Samenvatting van alle colleges van volwassenenvorming + eigen notities.

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  • April 26, 2023
  • 41
  • 2022/2023
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Samenvatting: theorie van de
volwassenenvorming
College 1) beleid en volwasseneneducatie
Biesta. What’s the point of lifelong learning if lifelong learning had no point?

Waarom deze tekst?
You could say that the definition of learning in a lot of policy is quite narrow, quite
instrumental…. We want (…) to make visible, and show that other kinds of learning are as
significant in people’s lives as learning that gets you qualifications in order to make you
employable. Not only is there much more learning going on than that view of things
suggests, but we believe it is very significant learning. (p. 18)

= startpremisse OPO
 leren van volwassenen wordt vaak ENG en INSTRUMENTEEL beschreven
 tekst: andere vormen van leren zijn ook heel belangrijk (zeker bij volwasseneneducatie)
 hoeft niet altijd inzetbaarheid als doel te hebben

Beleid inzake volwasseneneducatie
Cruciale aandachtspunten van de tekst
1. Beleid inzake VE heeft een specifieke focus
2 Vertoont ‘een dubbel democratisch tekort’
3. Belang van ‘vorming’ of
een lerende democratie!
Methode: discoursanalyse van 3 beleidsteksten doorheen de tijd
• Learning to be’ (Faure 1972, Unesco)
• ‘Lifelong learning for All’ (OESO, ‘97)
• Making a European Area of Lifelong Learning a Reality (2001)
Centrale concepten
Lifelong Learning: an ‘elusive concept’
‘Learning to be’ versus ‘learning to be productive/employable’
Belangrijke maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen: individualisering; omkering van
rechten/plichten; ‘vloeiende moderniteit’
Een dubbel democratisch tekort en het belang van lerende democratie.

Impact van beleid
• Niet: een woordenspel, een loutere discussie over de omschrijving van het leren van
volwassenen
• Wel: het geld dat een overheid al dan niet vrijmaakt voor bepaalde vormen van
volwasseneneducatie
• Wel: gevolgen voor de individuele lerende en hoe hij/zij het levenslang leren als
betekenisvol kan ervaren

,Belangrijke vaststelling ‘lifelong learning’ als begrip
• Is een complex (composite) concept
• Lifelong Learning means many things to many people and often means more
than one thing at the same time.
• It is important to keep in mind that lifelong learning has probably never
meant only one thing
• Is een glad (elusive) concept
• the slipperiness of the term does allow for political play and ideological
delusion
• Who, for example, would want to argue that lifelong learning is not a good
thing?

Analyse van opeenvolgende beleidsverklaringen: making e European
area of lifelong learning a reality

• There are also skills mismatches right across the board of sectors where people’s
qualifications and competence, on the one hand, and employers’ demands, on the
other, do not match. All this hampers the creation of new jobs and slows down
economic growth. According to one estimate, the mismatches between the supply
and demand of labour cost European Union 100 billion Euro each year.
• Therefore, more needs to be done to implement lifelong learning. We need to raise
the levels of investment in human resources. (….) We need to develop a European
strategy for lifelong learning to face the challenges. This is an opportunity that we
cannot afford to miss.

1. The existence of an international community which, amidts the variety of nations and
cultures, of political options and degrees of development, is reflected in common
aspirations, problems and trends, and in its movement towards one and the same destiny.
The collorary to this is the fundamental solidarity of governments and of people, despite
transitory differences and conflicts.

 gaat over democratie, solidariteit, volledige ontwikkeling van de mens <-> inzetbaarheid,
ecoonomische doeleinden

2. The belief in democracy, conceived of as implying each man’s right to realize his own
potential and to share in the building of his own future. The keystone of democracy, so
conceived, is education –not only education that is accesible to all, but education whose
aims and methods have been out afresh.

3. The aim of development is the complete fullfilment of man, in all the richness of his
personality, the complexity of his forms of expression and his various commitments –as
individual, member of a family and a community, citizen and producer, inventor of
techniques and creative dreamer.

,4. Only an over-all, lifelong education can produce the kind of complete man the need is
increasing with the continually more stringent constraints tearing the individual asunder. We
should no longer assiduously acquire knowledge once and for all, but learn how to build up
a continually evolving body of knowledge all through life –’learn to be’.

Beleid krijgt een specifieke focus
‘Learning to be’ versus ‘Learning to be productive/employable’

• To configure lifelong education in terms of solidarity, democracy and ‘the complete
fulfilment of man’
• To contend that the aim of education is ‘to enable man to be himself, to become
himself
• To argue that ‘ways of broadening and strengthening solidarity must be found’.
• To suggest in a report on education the need for ‘the renunciation of nuclear
weapons’.

 conclusie tekst: tegenwoordig heel andere taal
 hoe komt dat?

Versterkt maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen

• Dit beleid versterkt individualisering
(1)
More and more people engaged in more and more individual forms of learning (internet,
DVD, self-help…)
And learning more and more focused on individual issues: one’s body, one’s identity, one’s
relationship, one’s career…
‘These days lifelong learning… denotes the savvy consumer surfing the Internet selecting
from a smorgasbord of educational offerings. Learning is an individual activity.’ (Boshier,
2001)’

2)
Een omkering van rechten en plichten
‘Levenslang Leren (LL) was a right of the individual and it was the state’s duty to provide
resources;
LL has become the individual ‘s duty and the state now claims the right to make sure that
everyone is engaged in ‘useful learning’ (e.g. kwaliteitszorg, voorlichtingscampagnes)

1979 nu
Rechten leren individu staat
Plichten leren staat Individu

, Betrokkenheid op leren: learning economy

• Het officiële verhaal omtrent LL: om competitief te blijven in een snel veranderende
globale economie en de nood aan hooggekwalificeerde en flexibele werknemers.
(economische vooruitgang voor de natie en individu)
 economische vooruitgang wordt als belangrijkste effect gezien van LLL

MAAR Biesta vindt het belangrijk om hier vragen bij te stellen
• Does education drive or follow the economy?
• Is the global economy a ‘fact’ or does it serve the interests of some?
• Is economic growth itself a necessity or are there alternative futures?
• Does the learning economy create prosperity for all, or only for some?
‘What’s the point of my lifelong ‘learning for earning’ if my learning only benefits a few?’
 moeten wij zomaar doen wat de economie vraagt? Zijn dit feiten of belangen van enkele
mensen?

Besluit: een ‘dubbel democratisch tekort’ en het belang van ‘learning
democracy’

• De lerende is in toenemende mate verantwoordelijk voor zijn/haar levenslange leren
• MAAR de agenda (inhoud, doelstellingen en richting van het leren) wordt door
anderen bepaald.
• Deze contradictie tussen individuele verantwoordelijkheid en het weinig impact
hebben op de agenda van het beleid inzake volwasseneneducatie is typisch voor
onze samenleving

 DUS: dubbel democratisch tekort:
 Omkering van rechten en plichten
 Doelstellingen leren worden door andere bepaald

‘Liquid Modernity’ en het belang van ‘learning democracy’

• Liquid Modernity (Z. Bauman)
‘Er gaapt een kloof tussen de rechten waarover mensen vandaag de dag beschikken en hun
feitelijke mogelijkheden om hun eigen leven in handen te nemen en zelf beslissingen te
nemen waar ze zich goed bij voelen.’

Volgens Bauman kunnen individuen ‘niet alleen’ deze kloof overbruggen. Het gaat hier niet
om een individuele prestatie.

De kloof is er ook juist omwille van de teloorgang van de ‘publieke ruimte’, het verdwijnen
van fora of ‘agora’ waar individuele bekommernissen vertaald worden naar publieke
kwesties en er ook gezocht en onderhandeld wordt over gemeenschappelijke antwoorden.
Daarom alleen is het belangrijk om binnen VWV ‘learning democracy’ mogelijk te maken.

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