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Summary WJEC Level 3 Criminology Unit 1 AC 1.1
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My notes for Changing Awareness of Crime AC 1.1 - analyse different types of crime. In the controlled assessment, I achieved 96/100 (100/100 UMS marks).
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Analysing Different Types of CrimeDomestic Violence
What is domestic abuse/violence?
Domestic abuse involves the use of violence, abuse or threatening behaviour against a
partner, ex-partner or family member.
Domestic violence can come in many forms/types. Examples include psychological, physical,
sexual, economic/financial, emotional, stalking/cyberstalking.
Coercive and controlling behaviour was added to the definition of domestic violence in 2015.
Women in their 20s and 30s are most at risk of being a victim of domestic abuse.
Heterosexual men are the most likely to be a domestic abuser (97% of abusers are men with
a female partner).
Clare’s Law
Clare’s Law is the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme. Clare was murdered in 2009 by her
ex-boyfriend who had a history of violence against women. It allows people to ask the police
for the information they hold on someone in relation to domestic violence. Could have saved
Clare’s life because the police would be aware of the situation.
Level of public awareness
Despite the frequent nature of domestic abuse in society, the level of public awareness is
still quite low.
This could be because of the location of the crime. It takes place behind closed doors which
makes it hard to speak out against abusers.
It could also be because of the attitudes of the police/courts - domestic abuse can be difficult
to prove.
It could also be because of the feelings of the victim. The victim may feel ashamed,
particularly if they are male.
Criminal, deviant or both?
Domestic violence is both criminal and deviant. It used to be more accepted by society.
There are situations where hitting or slapping a partner is sometimes viewed as
acceptable/non-deviant, such as during sex, when both parties have consented to this
action.
, State Crime
What is state crime?
Actions or failures to act by the state that break the state’s own criminal law or public
international law. There are many types of state crime.
o Genocide is the extermination of an entire national, ethnic, racial or religious group.
o Torture is the extraction of confessions/information from prisoners through the use
of violence/abuse.
o Police brutality is excessive and unjustified use of force by a member of law
enforcement.
o Imprisonment without trial is political opponents/activists being arrested and held
without a day in court.
o War crimes are acts carried out during the conduct of a war that violates accepted
international rules of war.
o Political crimes are illegal acts that are designed to undermine an existing
government and threaten its survival. Political crimes can include both violent and
nonviolent acts and range in seriousness from dissent, treason, and espionage to
violent acts such as terrorism or assassination.
Who are the victims of state crime?
Civilians and soldiers in war.
Peoples targeted for genocide.
Those suffering as a result of things like racism or sexism.
What are the perpetrators of state crime?
Governments.
State agencies.
What is the level of public awareness of state crime like?
Depends on the nature of the crime.
Criminal, deviant or both?
Both, but often legalised under the law of the state.
Amnesty International
Amnesty International gets involved in key human rights abuses such as the abuse of right to
freedom, truth and dignity. They also get involved in cases of discrimination and political
prisoners.
What alleged human rights abuses are Korea accused of?
Violation of the right to food.
Violations associated with prison camps.
Torture and inhumane treatment.
Enforced disappearances.
Violations of the right to life.
What alleged human rights abuses are Syria accused of?
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