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Dev psych. Unit 7 Question Set.
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Dev psych. Unit 7 Question Set.
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Unit 7Chapters 20, 21, & 22
Name: Sarah Jordan
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Chapter 20
1. Describe what happens to blood pressure with age.
While blood pressure typically rises as adults age, those who exercise are more likely to have lower
blood pressure. Organ reserve may also help.
2. Explain what suggests that the aging process is not dependent solely on time and genes.
Brain research, specifically on neurogenesis and brain plasticity in adulthood, indicates that factors
such as drug abuse, poor circulation, or pathology are more likely responsible when someone
experiences significant cognitive loss before age 65.
3. Describe how appearance in aging is affected by whether an adult is a male or a female.
During adulthood, the skin becomes dryer, rougher, thinner, less flexible, and wrinkled. As adults age,
they tend to lose height, specifically in the trunk of the body, and experience an increase in waist
circumference. During adulthood, muscles typically weaken; pockets of fat settle on the abdomen,
upper arms, buttocks, and chin. Both men and women lose hair, but in different patterns. Wrinkles and
loss of firmness are noticeable sooner in women, at about age 50, as part of lower estrogen during
menopause.
4. Explain how sight changes with age.
Nearsightedness increases in childhood and adolescence, then stabilizes in adulthood and reverses in
midlife. It also takes older adults longer to adjust to darkness or glare, and motion perception and
contrast sensitivity slow down.
5. Describe who is likely to experience hearing losses over time.
Hearing loss is not typically diagnosed until about age 60, but it may be apparent at far younger ages,
even in adolescents.
6. Explain how sexual arousal changes with age.
Sexual arousal occurs more slowly with age, and orgasm takes longer. For some couples, these
slowdowns are counterbalanced by reduced anxiety and better communication, as partners become
more familiar with their own bodies and those of their mates.
7. Describe how contraception varies from one culture to another.
In the U.S., some form of contraception is used by about 90 percent of sexually active women of every
ethnic group but it is rarely used in other countries, such as Japan. Sterilization is more common in
other cultures such as India, but only among women- Indian men almost never have vasectomies.
Meanwhile, in the U.S. sterilization is common after age 35, even among men, 20 percent of whom
have vasectomies.
8. Describe what impairs fertility in men and in women.
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, As with men, women’s fertility is affected by anything that impairs physical functioning, including
disease, smoking, sedentary behavior, extreme dieting, and obesity. For example, many infertile
women do not realize they have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which creates scar tissue that may
block the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching an ovum.
9. Describe the effects of menopause.
Most noticeable is that ovulation and menstruation cease. Sexual desire and frequency of intercourse
decrease, and erratic moods and depression may increase. However, many women are relieved that
menstruation and the possibility of pregnancy are over.
10. Explain how male changes in sexual behavior differ from female changes.
In women, sexual desire may be hampered by hormonal changes due to menopause. Reduced
testosterone and inactivity can also affect male sexual desire, but HRT for men can mitigate those
effects, whereas in women, HRT may lead to other health problems. Also, while men are more likely
than women to view pornography, their viewing rates decline with age, perhaps due to reduced
testosterone.
11. Describe the consequences of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women and in men.
Some of which are described in the question above. While HRT may help reduce symptoms of
menopause and osteoporosis, HRT may increase women’s risk of heart disease, stroke, and some types
of cancer.
12. Explain why some experts think exercise is more important than weight.
Several studies have indicated that someone who exercises regularly and well is less at risk for all of
the diseases of aging than a normal-weight person who does not move much, even if that person is
overweight. Regular physical activity protects against serious illness even if a person overeats,
smokes, or drinks. Exercise reduces blood pressure, strengthens the heart and lungs, promotes
digestion, and makes depression, diabetes, osteoporosis, strokes, arthritis, and several cancers less
likely.
13. Describe the trends in weight in the United States.
In the United States, adults gain an average of 1 to 2 pounds each year, much more than prior
generations did. Over the 40 years of adulthood, that adds 40 to 80 pounds. As a result, two-thirds of
U.S. adults are overweight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more. Adults do not move
their legs, arms, or even hands as much as adults did a century ago, thanks to modern technology
such as the automobile, TV, and sedentary desk jobs. Fortunately, adults are becoming increasingly
aware of the need to be active.
14. Describe how lung cancer reflects trends in smoking cigarettes.
The changes over the past decades are reflected in lung cancer deaths. A half-century ago in the
United States, five times as many men as women died of lung cancer. More recently, rates are closer
to equal. Fifty years ago, five times as many U.S. men as women died of lung cancer. However, U.S.
men have been quitting smoking for decades, which has decreased mal lung cancer deaths.
15. Explain which groups of people are smoking more and which are smoking less.
Cigarette smoking has been declining over the past decade in North America for every gender and age
group. Recent data has shown that both sexes have decreased smoking but that fewer women have
quit. In 1970, one-half of U.S. adult men and one-third of women smoked, but by 2010 only 22 percent
of men and 18 percent of women did.
16. Describe who is most likely to suffer from opioid abuse.
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