NUR 265 Exam 1 COMPLETE 2023 GRADED A+

NUR 265 Exam 1 COMPLETE 2023 GRADED A+ NUR 265 Exam 1 1. What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. 2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -*Massive proteinuria* -*Hypoalbuminemia* -*Edema (facial and periorbital)* -Lipiduria -Hyperlipidemia -Increased coagulation -Reduced kidney function 3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what?: 3.5g in 24 hours 4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based). -ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine) -statins (improve blood lipid levels). -Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function) 5. Describe the "risk" stage for AKI: creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25% 6. Describe the "injury" stage for AKI: creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50% 7. Describe the "failure" stage for AKI: creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix) 8. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys. -NSAIDs -Severe dehydration -Renal artery stenosis -MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output -Blood/ fluid loss 9. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys. -Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli -Sepsis -Intrarenal bleeding -Pyelonephritis 1 / 12 NUR 265 Exam 1 10. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney. -Enlarged prostate (BPH) -Bladder Cancer -Kidney stones 11. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3 12. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg 13. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS -Metformin -Diuretics -Antibiotics (especially -mycin) -Contrast dye 14. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input 15. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low protein -Low sodium -Fluid restriction: mL day (for anything except perfusion problem) 16. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN -Uncontrolled diabetes 17. What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up 18. What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth •Anorexia •Nausea/vomiting •Muscle cramps •Uremic frost on skin