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Summary Abstract material from Elemental Geosystems
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Summary of the material from the book Elemental Geosystems for Climate Change and Sea Level Rise box
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By: basvaneijsden • 3 year ago
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Samenvatting Klimaatverandering en Zeespiegelstijging(stof uit elemental geosystems)
blz 49-66 elemental geosystems
Atmospheric composition temperature and function
The top of the atmosphere is around 480 km above Earth’s surface. Beyond that altitude is
the exosphere (outer space). > nearly a vacuum, weakly bound by gravity
The weight of the atmosphere (air presssure) pushes in all of us, the same pressure also
exist inside us, pushing outward: otherwise, we would be crushed by the mass around us.
The atmosphere exerts an average force of approximately 1kg/cm^2 at sea level.
Gravity compresses air, making it denser near Earth’s surface.
Atmospheric Composition Criterion
The atmosphere divides into two broad regions:
Heterosphere (80 to 480 km)
Not uniform: gases are not evenly mixed. Gases in the heterosphere occur in
distinct layers sorted by gravity according tot heir atomic weight. Lightest
elements higher, heavier elements lower.
Homosphere (earth’s surface to 80 km)
The blend of gases is nearly uniform. (except the concentration of ozone in
the ozone layer, and the variations in water vapor, pollutants
(verontreinigende stoffen) and some trace chemicals.
Meest voorkomende stoffen:
o Nitrogen (N2): originating principally from volcanic sources. (78%)
o Oxygen (O2): a by-product of photosynthesis (20,9%)
o Argon (Ar): comes from slow accumulation over milions of years.
(0,9%)
o Carbon dioxide (CO2): by-product of life processes. (CO2)
o Neon (Ne)
o Helium (He)
o Etc
Atmospheric Temperature Criterion
The atmosphere has four distinct temperature zones:
Thermosphere: (80 km out to 480 km). The upper limit of the thermosphere is the
thermopause. Temperature rise sharply in the thermosphere, to 1200 C and higher.
(not hot as you might expect) Temperature and Heat are different concepts. This
kinetic energy, the energy of motion, is the vibrational energy that we measure as
temperature.
Mesosphere: (50 to 80 km). The mesophere’s outer boundary, the mesopause, is the
coldest portion of the atmosphere. (-90 C)
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