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Unit 11 Structure & Function Of Nucleic Acids
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Unit 11 Structure & Function Of Nucleic Acids
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lOMoARcPSD|3013804, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
Assignment Brief
Awarding Body BTEC Pearson
Qualification Level 3 Extended Diploma in Applied Science
Unit number and title
Unit 11: Genetics and Genetic engineering
Criteria targeted/
A: Understand the structure and function of nucleic acids to describe gene
expression and the process of protein synthesis
Learning aim(s)/outcomes
Structure and function of nucleic acids
Assignment title
& FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Unit/Criteria: Understand the structure and function of
nucleic acids to describe gene expression and the process or
protein synthesis.
Name Description (function, structure, location, &
main features)
DNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) this is a nucleic
Deoxyribonucleic acid acid which is the basis of life on Earth, a lot
of living organisms we see have DNA.
Moreover, DNA function is to store all the
genetic information that an organism needs
to grow, function, & to reproduce to pass on
their DNA to the next generation, which is
vital as it the biological
instruction manual that is found in each cell in
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
the organism. The DNA also can make a copy
of itself. Their function is to aid in your
development, survival, & passing on traits
which helps with survival of the fittest
adaptions which help an organism to
survive
The DNA molecule structure is a double
helix, which is two long, thin strands
twisted around each other like a spiral
staircase & the DNA is found in the cells
in the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells
(eukaryotic cells means that it has a
nucleus)
The bases which form the DNA molecule
where X-ray diffraction which shows the
three- dimensional structure of the DNA.
Firstly, the DNA is made up of two
polynucleotide chains, which DNA is
presented as a polymer of nucleotides.
Which these nucleotides are arranged in
two chains, this is known as
deoxyribonucleotides – they are made up
of: deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base,
one phosphate group. So, 5-Carbon sugar
(pentose sugar), nitrogenous base, phosphate
group. The 4 nitrogenous bases present in
the DNA nucleotides are: Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, & Thymine (Adenine
complementary pairings are with Thymine &
Cytosine with Guanine). These DNA bases
are spilt into 2 groups based on the
chemical structures, the purines like adenine
(A level Biology, 2020) + guanine. Purines are formed as it
(https://alevelbiology.co.uk/not contains two carbon-nitrogen rings and four
es/structure-of-dna/) nitrogen atoms. And the pyrimidines contain
one carbon- nitrogen ring and two nitrogen
atoms
They are held in place due to the backbone
which is connected by phosphodiester bonds
to from the two polynucleotide chains & the
bases are joined by hydrogen bonds. Each
of the two chains have a 3’ end and a 5’
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
end (third carbon of deoxyribose sugar) &
5’ end (fifth carbon of
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