Sociology Final Exam Review Guide 2023 with 100% correct answers
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Course
Sociology
Institution
Sociology
Sociology Final Exam Review Guide 2023
conflict theory stance on stratification-Marx - ANSWER-believed that workers would realize their interests are in opposition to those of the owners and ultimately overthrow the working class
conflict theory stance on stratification-Weber - ANSWER-non-o...
conflict theory stance on stratification-Marx - ANSWER-believed that workers would realize their
interests are in opposition to those of the owners and ultimately overthrow the working class
conflict theory stance on stratification-Weber - ANSWER-non-owners who posses useful skills have some
power; added third class and divided non owners into middle class (skills based on knowledge) and
working class (manual labor). Middle class would be paid better and have better access to valued things
in society.
power elite theories - ANSWER-many people don't bother participating in the political process because
they feel alienated from it
theory - ANSWER-propositions that explain the social world and help to make predictions about future
events. Are also referred to as approaches, schools of thought, paradigms, or perspectives
Auguste Comte - ANSWER-stated that sociology needed to be treated like any other scientific discipline,
laid the groundwork for future sociologists and helped build the discipline.
Harriet Martineau - ANSWER-A social activist who traveled the US and wrote about social changes which
were radical for this time period. Translated Comte's work into English, making his ideas accessible to
England and Americ
Herbert Spencer - ANSWER-the first great English-speaking sociologist, believed in evolution and coined
the phrase "survival of the fittest", his philosophy is often referred to as "social Darwinism"
Emile Durkheim - ANSWER-worked to establish sociology as an important academic discipline, interested
in the social factors that bond and hold people together, studied the correlation between social isolation
and suicide
, Max Weber - ANSWER-concerned with the process of rationalization, which is applying economic logic to
all human activity. Believed contemporary life was filled with disenchantment, the result of the
dehumanizing features of society.
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER-associated with psychoanalysis, developed the idea of the subconscious and
the mind, which he believed control most of our drives, impulses, thoughts, and behaviors.
C Wright Mils - ANSWER-is a connection between key players in the military, corporations, and the
government
William Dumhoff - ANSWER-There is a "ruling class" composed of interrelated leaders in the corporate,
political, and policy planning network world that rule America
What is social class? - ANSWER-Refer to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the
economic system of production. People in the same class have relatively similar access to valued things
in society like cars and education.
What is the influence of social class on inequality in the US? - ANSWER-Voter turnout is directly related
to social class; poor and working class people are much less likely to vote than middle class and wealthy
individuals. Lower class individuals feel like the issues they care about aren't being addressed.
How is race socially constructed? - ANSWER-Socially constructed because it's defined differently from
society to society and sometimes over time even within the same society. For example, Mexican were
placed under White and now under Latino/Mexican.
Race-centered theoretical perspective - ANSWER-look at society through the prism of racial inequality,
divisions in society are based on race rather than class. Focuses on how and why racial hierarchies are
actively maintained by those who benefit from them: point out gaps in wealth, income, education, etc.
Critical race theorists - ANSWER-aware of intersecting types of oppression; intersectionality
color-blind ideology - ANSWER-Dominant racial ideology; we should all act as though we are color blind
when it comes to race
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