Summary

Samenvatting Neurologie

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Course
Neurologie

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Dit is een samenvatting van de lessen, PPT en notities met foto's. Ook enkele handige aanvullingen waar nodig. Als je tight-budget bent, mag je mij altijd sturen via FB en dan kunnen we een aangepaste prijs bespreken (Liana Kirkov)!

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Uploaded on April 30, 2023
Number of pages 79
Written in 2021/2022
Type Summary

neurologie
problemen van geestelijke gezondheid en neurologie

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Education
Geneeskunde
Course
Neurologie

lianakirkov

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Neurologie
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1. De grote localisatorische syndromen .............................................................................................. 7
1.1 Motorische functies vh ZS ....................................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Pyramidaal systeem......................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2 Extrapiramidaal systeem (EPS) ........................................................................................ 7
1.1.3 Cerebellair systeem ......................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Sensibiliteit .............................................................................................................................. 9
1.2.1 Vitale sensibiliteit ............................................................................................................ 9
1.2.2 Gnostische sensibiliteit .................................................................................................... 9
1.2.3 Stoornissen vd sensibiliteit .............................................................................................. 9
1.3 Syndromen vd grote hersenen .............................................................................................. 10
1.4 Syndromen vd hersenstam.................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Syndromen vh ruggenmerg ................................................................................................... 11
2. Diagnostische onderzoeken in de neurologie: neurologisch onderzoek ...................................... 11
3. Aandoeningen vh perifeer zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................... 13
3.1 Radiculopathie ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Mononeuropathie ................................................................................................................. 14
3.3 Polyneuropathie .................................................................................................................... 16
3.4 Ziekte Guillain-Barré (examen).............................................................................................. 16
3.5 Chronische inflammatoire demyeliniserende polyneuropathie (CIDP) ................................ 17
4. Stoornissen in slapen en waken .................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Insomnia ................................................................................................................................ 19
4.2 Hypersomnia ......................................................................................................................... 19
4.3 Obstructief slaapdyspnoesyndroom ..................................................................................... 19
4.4 Narcolepsie ............................................................................................................................ 21
4.5 Restless legs syndrome.......................................................................................................... 22
5. Epilepsie......................................................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Symptomatologie v epilepsie ................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Behandeling ........................................................................................................................... 23
5.2.1 Acute behandeling......................................................................................................... 23
5.2.2 Onderhoudsbehandeling ............................................................................................... 23
6. Cerebrale circulatiestoornissen ..................................................................................................... 24
6.1 TIA.......................................................................................................................................... 25

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, 6.2 Herseninfarct (CVA in de enge zin) ........................................................................................ 25
6.3 Hersenbloeding (intra cerebraal hematoom, ICH) ................................................................ 26
6.4 Subarachnoïdale bloeding (SAH) ........................................................................................... 26
6.5 Diagnose CVA ........................................................................................................................ 27
6.6 Behandeling CVA ................................................................................................................... 27
7. Cognitieve stoornissen en dementie ............................................................................................. 28
7.1 Cognitieve stoornissen .......................................................................................................... 28
7.2 Dementie ............................................................................................................................... 29
7.3 Ziekte van Alzheimer ............................................................................................................. 29
7.3.1 Pathofysiologie v Alzheimer .......................................................................................... 29
7.3.2 Symptomen Alzheimer .................................................................................................. 30
7.3.3 Diagnose Alzheimer ....................................................................................................... 30
7.3.4 Behandeling Alzheimer.................................................................................................. 30
7.4 Vasculaire dementie (VaD-MID) ............................................................................................ 31
7.5 Ziekte van Creutzelfeld Jacob (CJD) ....................................................................................... 31
8. Multiple sclerose ........................................................................................................................... 31
8.1 Pathofysiologie MS ................................................................................................................ 32
8.2 Symptomatologie MS ............................................................................................................ 32
8.3 Vormen v MS ......................................................................................................................... 32
8.4 Diagnose ................................................................................................................................ 33
8.5 Behandeling MS..................................................................................................................... 33
9. Infectieuze aandoeningen vh zenuwstelsel .................................................................................. 34
9.1 Meningitis .............................................................................................................................. 34
9.1.1 Symptomen meningitis.................................................................................................. 35
9.1.2 Diagnose meningitis ...................................................................................................... 35
9.1.3 Behandeling meningitis ................................................................................................. 36
9.2 Encefalitis .............................................................................................................................. 36
9.2.1 Epidemiologie en verwekkers v encefalitis ................................................................... 36
9.2.2 Symptomen encefalitis .................................................................................................. 37
9.2.3 Behandeling encefalitis ................................................................................................. 37
9.3 Hersenabces .......................................................................................................................... 37
9.3.1 Symptomen hersenabces .............................................................................................. 37
9.3.2 Diagnose hersenabces ................................................................................................... 37
9.3.3 Behandeling hersenabces.............................................................................................. 38
10. Spierziekten ............................................................................................................................... 38
10.1 Spierdystrofie ........................................................................................................................ 38

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, 10.1.1 Ziekte van Duchenne ..................................................................................................... 38
10.1.2 Fascio-scapulo-humerale vorm v spierdystrofie ........................................................... 39
10.2 Myotonie ............................................................................................................................... 39
10.3 Inflammatoire spierziekten ................................................................................................... 39
10.3.1 Polymyositis................................................................................................................... 39
10.4 Myastenia gravis.................................................................................................................... 40
11. Hoofdpijn ................................................................................................................................... 40
11.1 Epidemiologie ........................................................................................................................ 40
11.2 Meest frequente oorzaken v hoofdpijn ................................................................................ 40
11.2.1 Alarmtekens  verwijzen nr neuroloog ....................................................................... 41
11.2.2 Kenmerken vd meest voorkomende vormen v hoofdpijn ............................................ 42
A. Spanningshoofdpijn: criteria ............................................................................................. 42
B. Migraine ............................................................................................................................ 42
C. Middelen geïnduceerde hoofdpijn .................................................................................... 43
D. Clusterhoofdpijn ................................................................................................................ 43
11.3 Diagnose: migraine, spanning en cluster .............................................................................. 43
11.4 Behandeling hoofdpijn .......................................................................................................... 45
11.4.1 Spanningshoofdpijn ....................................................................................................... 45
11.4.2 Migraine ........................................................................................................................ 45
11.4.3 Middelengeïnduceerde hoofdpijn: aanpak ................................................................... 46
11.5 Wanneer doorverwijzen bij hoofdpijn?................................................................................. 46
12. Coma.......................................................................................................................................... 46
12.1 Oorzaken coma...................................................................................................................... 47
12.2 Onderzoek en aanpak bij coma ............................................................................................. 47
12.2.1 EEG bij coma .................................................................................................................. 47
12.2.2 EP bij coma .................................................................................................................... 48
12.2.3 Glasgow coma scale ...................................................................................................... 48
12.2.4 Minimally conscious state ............................................................................................. 48
12.3 Differentiaal diagnose v coma ............................................................................................... 48
13. Aandoeningen vh ruggenmerg .................................................................................................. 49
13.1 Traumatisch letsel vh RM ...................................................................................................... 49
13.1.1 Oorzaken ....................................................................................................................... 49
13.1.2 Klinische symptomen .................................................................................................... 50
13.1.3 Behandeling ................................................................................................................... 50
13.1.4 Whiplash-trauma ........................................................................................................... 50
13.2 Syringomyelie, syringobulbie ................................................................................................ 51

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, 13.3 Aandoeningen vh CMN en PMN ............................................................................................ 51
13.4 Amyotrofe lateraalsclerose (ALS) .......................................................................................... 51
13.4.1 Gewone vorm ALS ......................................................................................................... 51
13.4.2 Bulbaire vorm ALS ......................................................................................................... 52
13.5 Lateraalsclerose ..................................................................................................................... 52
13.6 Behandeling aandoening CMN en PMN ................................................................................ 52
14. Aandoeningen vd craniale zenuwen ......................................................................................... 52
14.1 Overzicht craniale Nn ............................................................................................................ 53
14.1.1 N. olfactorius ................................................................................................................. 53
14.1.2 N. opticus ....................................................................................................................... 53
14.1.3 N. oculomotorius ........................................................................................................... 53
14.1.4 N. trochlearis ................................................................................................................. 54
14.1.5 N. trigeminus ................................................................................................................. 54
14.1.6 N. abducens ................................................................................................................... 54
14.1.7 N. facialis ....................................................................................................................... 54
14.1.8 N. stato-occusticus (vestibulocochlearis) ...................................................................... 55
14.1.9 N. glossopharyngeus en N. vagus .................................................................................. 56
14.1.10 N. accesorius en N. hypoglossus ............................................................................... 56
14.1.11 N. hypoglossus (XII) ................................................................................................... 56
15. Hoofdpijn ................................................................................................................................... 56
15.1 Oorzaken hoofdpijn ............................................................................................................... 57
15.2 Migraine ................................................................................................................................ 57
15.3 Clusterhoofdpijn .................................................................................................................... 58
15.4 Trigeminusneuralgie .............................................................................................................. 58
15.5 Niet-pluis: redenen vr verder onderzoek .............................................................................. 58
16. Ziekte van parkinson ................................................................................................................. 59
16.1 Symptomen Parkinson .......................................................................................................... 59
16.1.1 Akinesie ......................................................................................................................... 59
16.1.2 Rigiditeit......................................................................................................................... 59
16.1.3 Tremor ........................................................................................................................... 59
16.1.4 Niet-motorische symptomen bij Parkinson................................................................... 60
16.2 Behandeling Parkinson .......................................................................................................... 60
16.2.1 L-dopa + dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor ................................................................. 60
16.2.2 MAO-B-inhibitoren (selegiline, rasageline) ................................................................... 60
16.2.3 Acute medicatie (rescue)............................................................................................... 60
16.2.4 Dopaminereceptor-agonisten (pramipexole, ropinerole) ............................................. 60

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