Concise summary and overview of veterinary anaesthesia. It outlines key processes seen in practice including achieving IV and airway access, inducing anaesthesia, premedication and breathing systems.
Outline the requirements for general anaesthesia in veterinary patients
List the 3 key components for a balanced anaesthetic
Describe basic methods by which ‘depth of anaesthesia’ may be monitored
Briefly describe what is meant by the terms: anaesthesia, narcosis, muscle relaxation, analgesia and local anaesthetic
Airways and IV access
List the reasons for airway management in veterinary patients
List methods available to support and protect the airway in anaesthetised patients
Describe airway complications encountered in anaesthetised patients
Identify different types of IV cannula
Identify common sites for placement of a cannula
Describe how to prepare the site for placement of the cannula
List complications of placing cannulae
Anaesthetic machines and equipment
List the components of a modern anaesthetic machine
Discuss the advantages of various oxygen sources
Outline the safety features involved in gas storage and anaesthetic machines
Explain the importance of scavenging of waste anaesthetic gases
Breathing Systems
List the functions of a breathing system
Choose suitable breathing systems for small and large animal patients
Calculate the fresh gas flows for patients attached to non-rebreathing and rebreathing systems
List the advantages and disadvantages of the Humphrey ADE system
Theatre Practice
Understand and apply the principles of good theatre practice including preparation of the environment, surgeon and
patient
Explain the difference between asepsis, aseptic, disinfection and sterilisation
Understand the causes of wound contamination in surgical patients
Evaluate the different types of surgical prep solutions
Describe and implement methods of reducing surgical infections
Premedication and induction of anaesthesia
Classify common premedication and induction agents into groups based on their pharmacodynamic properties and provide
examples from each group
Describe the mechanism of action, effects and ‘side effects’ of each group as outlined above
Recognise the needs and objectives of premedication prior to a modern balanced anaesthetic
Outline the major unwanted effects of these agents when used at clinical doses
, Theatre Practice
When a surgery takes place there are multiple distinct areas:
Changing area
o General PPE should be worn - -Cap, mask etc
o PPE should be worn before entering the surgical field
Surgical prep/induction
o Patients prepped by clipping fur at incision site and disinfected
o Most common disinfectant is chlorhexidine
o Povidone iodine (mucus membranes) and non-povidone iodine (ocular surgery) are also
sometimes used
Small Animal Equine Farm Animal
IV access Knock-down box No designated area
Premed Transported to theatre via
mechanical hoist
Intubation Prep done before induction
Surgical site scrub
Scrub area
o WHO hand wash
o Disposable soft bristle brushes recommended
o Surgical gloves worn – double gloving can help reduce contamination due to
microperforations
o Disposable gown
Operating theatre
o Patient re-scrubbed and draped
o Aseptic technique used to open equipment
o Hands must be kept above the waist once PPE has been put on
Recovery
o After surgery immediately clean and dress wound
o Prevent patient interfering with wound
o Surgical site infections (SSIs) can develop from skin flora, oral flora (self trauma) and from
environmental contamination so it is important recovery is monitored closely.
o Risk factors of developing SSIs include long surgical time, urinary catheterisation, steroidal
anti-inflammatories and preoperative hyperglycaemia
Instruments must be cared for properly to ensure they are appropriately disinfected:
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