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Sumario Química orgánica, grupos funcionales y isomería

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Se describe la nomenclatura de los compuestos orgánicos, como identificar y escribir grupos funcionales, isomería (estereoisomería, representaciones, reglas CIP, isómeros ópticos)

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  • May 2, 2023
  • 23
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 5
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uímic
Q a

, Química orgánica
Parte de la química que estudia los compuestos del
Carbono ( Hidrocarburos )

Todos contienen Carbono e hidrógeno en su estructura.
Poseen carácter covalente, puntos de ebullición bajos,
no son conductores y solubles en disolventes no
polares
Son muy abundantes, se encuentran en todas partes.
Importancia, ya que forman parte de la vida orgánica.




Átomo de carbono
Muy abundante, producto de su tetravalencia
Posee 4 electrones de valencia en su último nivel de
energía .
Electronegatividad media
Enlace covalente.
puede formar enlaces múltiples consigo mismo y con otros
elementos

, Tipos de enlaces

Tipo de enlace Hibridación Ángulo Geometría reglas



Simple Sp^3 109,5* Tetraédrica enlace sigma


Trigonal
Doble Sp^2 120* 1 sigma y 1 π
plana


Triple Sp 180* Lineal 1 sigma y 2 π




Hibridación= mezcla de orbitales atómicos Gracias a la promoción de
uno de los Electrones


La configuración electrónica del carbono es :



Sp^3

Originalmente


Queda así

Se promueve

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