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Summary 3.6 Landforms and Landscapes of Coastal erosion AQA Physical Geography $7.25
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Summary 3.6 Landforms and Landscapes of Coastal erosion AQA Physical Geography
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  • Course
  • Coastal Systems and Landscapes
  • Institution
  • CIE
  • Book
  • AQA Geography A Level

Key notes on Unit 3.6 Landforms and Landscapes of coastal erosion in AQA Physical Geography A level. Includes key definitions and diagram etc and provided a final A* grade.

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  • No
  • Unit 3.6
  • May 2, 2023
  • 2
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • landscape
  • landform
  • cave
  • arch
  • stack
  • stump
  • cliffs
  • wave cut platform
  • rate of retreat
  • geology
  • lithology
  • marine and terrestial factors

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  • A/AS Level
  • CIE
  • Geography
  • Coastal Systems and Landscapes
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3.6 – Landforms and Landscapes of Coastal Erosion

Landscape: the bigger picture – entirety of sea, coast and rolling countryside.
Landform: individual components of a landscape (cliff, beach, wave cut platform)

Landforms of coastal erosion:
 Cave: occurs when a wave forces its way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains
sand and other materials that grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cave.
 Arch: forms when a cave breaks through due to hydraulic action and attrition on those
weaker areas.
 Stack: forms when the arch can no longer support itself and collapses. It leaves the
headland on one side and a stack on the other.
 Stump: forms when the stack is attacked at the base which weakens the structure
making it collapse.

Cliffs and wave cut platforms:
Soft rock: erodes easily - creates gently sloping cliffs
Hard rock: erodes slowly, more resistant - creates steep cliffs

1. Sea attacks (hydraulic action) base of
cliff forming a wave-cut notch
2. Notch increases in size causing cliff
to collapse as overhang above is
heavy and falls.
3. Backwash carries rubble towards
sea - leaving an area of rocky
material called a wave-cut platform.
4. The process repeats and the cliff
continues to retreat.

Cliff profile and rate of retreat:
Steep cliffs
- strong and resistant rock
- sedimentary rocks dipping steeply or even vertically produce steep cliffs
- found in exposed areas with long fetch and high-energy waves

Gentle cliffs
- weak or unconsolidated rock
- rocks that are dipping towards sea tend to have low-angle cliffs
- found next to wide beaches (prevent undercutting and steepening)
- sheltered location will have debris building up at base of cliff, reducing overall angle

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