, Nursing - protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and
injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in
the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
Florence Nightingale – nurses are in charge of health by putting the body in a state free from disease
and recover from disease ----She realized the connection between sanitation and disease.
Evidence-Based Practice (20th Century)- Use of current evidence (scientific) to make the best decisions
on care ----STERILE PRACTICES – Hand-washing.
Advanced Practice Nursing Roles (20th Century) – An RN with additional advanced education (Master’s)
ex: Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Practitioner – writes prescriptions and diagnoses, Certified Nurse
Midwife – pregnant woman and post-partum, and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist – administers
anesthesia.
21st Century Nursing – Societal needs, Aging Population, Nursing shortage, Emerging
infections/antibiotic resistance, disaster management, technology advancement (telemedicine- video
medical assessment), earlier discharges, Affordable Care Act, and increased incidence of chronic and
long-term diseases.
Roles of the Nurse
1) Advocate – Makes sure interests of the persons are fulfilled ---- MIDDLEMAN
2) Care Manager – Does not interact with patient directly
3) Educator – Teaching formal or informal to patients, fam, and other support systems
3) Consultant – An educator that has a specialty---- EXPERT (ex: Diabetic Nurse)
4) Deliver of Service – A nurse that administers HANDS ON CARE such as a school nurse
5)Healer – A nurse provides improved health or strategies to help client achieve overall
health ----- use of holistic practices but it is every subjective
6) Researcher – A nurse that finds clinical issues and finds the solution --- EVIDENCE -
BASED PRACTICES
Chamberlain Care (An environment that promotes health and wellness)
1. Care for SELF – Increasing emphasis on self
2. Care for PEERS - Communication and civility & Incivility and bullying behaviors
3. Care for Clients - Promoting self ‐care
Health – Current Status of health with the POTENTIAL to improve in the 6 vases of Health: Physical,
Mental, Emotional, Spiritual, Social, and Environmental
Wellness – Achieving the optimal level of health in all 6 vases of health.
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