NUR 1172 Nutritional Principles in Nursing: Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A+) Latest Update 2023

NUR 1172 Nutritional Principles in Nursing: Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A+) Latest Update 2023. Prebiotics: -Undigested carbohydrates that pass into the colon and ferment - Stimulate the growth and activity of healthy bacteria (Increased immune functioninfluence secretion of antibodies, Mineral absorption, Relieves constipation, Colon Cancer- May help destroy cancer cells and toxic enzymes) 40. Secretin: Stimulates the pancreas to send alkaline pancreatic juices to protect against HCl without neutralizing others 41. Probiotics: Live microorganisms- In correct amounts may result in health benefits 42. Lactic Acid: Most common probiotic 43. Clinical Applications of Probiotics: -Helps reduce diarrhea - Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Inhibit of H. Pylori (Causes peptic ulcers) - Lactose intolerance - Antibiotics kill good bacteria in the colon 44. Carbohydrate Forms: -Starch - Sugar 45. Carbohydrates: - Organic compound that provides energy -Primary and Preferred energy source 46. Carbohydrate Structure: CHO (CH2O) 47. Glucose Metabolism: - Metabolized by liver -Hormonal Control: Insulin (Lowers blood glucose) and Glucagon (Elevates blood glucose- Produced in liver) - Steroids, epinephrine, thyroxine, somatostatin, growth protein can elevate blood glucose 48. AMDR: Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range 49. Carbohydrate AMDR: 45-65% total kcal 50. Fat/Lipid AMDR: 20-35% total kcal 51. Protein AMDR: 10-35% total kcal 52. Protein Structure: CHON 53. Lipid Metabolism: - Interrelated with glucose (involves same hormones) - Absorbed from small intestine and metabolized in liver -HDL and LDL- High Density Lipid, Low Density Lipid 54. Protein Metabolism: Balance between anabolism and catabolism 55. Anabolism: Tissue building through synthesis of new protein 3 / 15 Nutrition Exam I: NUR1172 56. Catabolism: Tissue breakdown- Breakdown yields nitrogen containing group and remaining non nitrogen residue 57. RDA: Recommended Daily Allowance -Framework of nutrient standards for planning and evaluating diets of healthy people - The amount of nutrients that are sufficient to maintain health in 97-98 percent of all people -Values are set for macronutrient (protein, fats, lipids) water, vitamins, minerals -Used in individual assessment and planning by healthcare professionals to avoid hyperplasia 58. RDA of Carbohydrates: 130g/day 59. Classification of Carbohydrates: -Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)- converted to glucose in the liver to be used as body fuel -Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) -Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) 60. Glucose: The form in which carbohydrates circulate in the blood 61. Sucrose: Glucose + Fructose 62. Lactose: Glucose + Galactose 63. Maltose: - Intermediate product in starch digestion -Glucose + Glucose 64. Polysaccharides: -Complex Carbohydrates - Should be the major energy source - Starch, Glycogen, Dextrin 65. Sugar Alcohols: -Polyols -Sorbitol, Mannitol, Xylitol 66. Starch: - Most important energy-yielding polysaccharide 67. Resistant Starch: Whole Grains, Legumes, Potatoes - Many health benefits similar to fiber 68. Dietary Fiber: Non-digestible carbohydrate and lignin found intact in plant foods - Cellulose -Hemicellulose -Lignin -Pectin