Summary Political divisions notes AQA A level History: Making of Modern Britain
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Course
Depth Study
Institution
AQA
Notes covering all political divisions (inside the Labour and the Conservative Parties). Useful for revision, exam preparation, essay planning and comparison of periods.
Good luck with your exams!
Period Party Reasons for divisions/improvements Lost/won elections
Conserva Labour Leadership 1959 election
tives After Atlee’s resignation, the contest was between Gaitskell (right) and Gave Conservatives 100 majority
1951-64 Bevan (left) - Labour presented an image of a divided Party
- Conservative’s policies (nuclear deterrent) were more popular
Nature of the Party - economic prosperity was not challenged
Gaitskell’s suggestion to abolish Clause IV and move away from socialism - Conservatives sticked to the consensus
was met with anger
Unilateralism
1959 – Bevan opposed unilateralism, shocking his supporters
1960 – union's block vote imposed unilateralism on the Party, which
Gaitskell removed in 1961 (‘fight, fight, fight for the party we love’)
Association of the left of the Party with CND rallies
Europe
1962 – Gaitskell announced that the Labour Party would not support
Britain’s application to the EEC
Labour Labour Wilson emerged as a consolatory leader after the deaths of Bevan 1966 election
64-70 (leader of the left) and Gaitskell (right) – victory for Wilson
😊 concentration on the image of the party as modernisers -> attention - modernising approach to the economy with the planning
was turned away from the arguments about the nature of the Party
1970 election
Personal rivalries – loss for Wilson
- Wilson’s fears of challenge from Brown or Jenkins: giving them key - the government did not live up to the expectations
positions - rising tensions with the unions
1966 – Jenkin' argument for devaluation after the seamen’s strike was - credit for ground-breaking social reform was given to Jenkins
seen as an attempt of a plot - foreign affairs: Unsuccessful application to Europe, subservience to
🙁 development of paranoia -> led to misplacement of attention of the US
efforts - economic difficulties: devaluation, IMF loan
- Conservatives’ positives: Heath’s leadership, Enoch’s speech
Heath 1970-74
Labour 74-79
Nothing in spec
Thatcher Internal -> Labour’s links with the unions and the winter of discontent 1983 election
79-90 divisions -> Image of a divided Party 27% - Labour; 25% - SDP
in the -> image of ‘tax and spend’ party - Michael Foot did not establish relationship with the voters
Labour -> links with the ‘loony left’ and Militant Tendency - Thatcher’s success in the Falklands (and Labour’s support of it)
Party - ‘the longest suicide-note in history’ manifesto: nationalisation,
The formation of the SDP unilateralism
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