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Summary Aggression
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AGGRESSION, Biological explanations assume aggression loca
biological make-up of individuals rather than en
E VA L UA TE TH E R O L E OF
OUTLINE AND O N A L
Limbic system = involved in regulating emotio
NEUR A L A N D / O R H O RM (aggression).
Made up of subcortical structures = amygdala &
MECHANIS M S IN A G GR ES S IO N
[16 m k ]
A Evidence for role of amygdala
0 E reduced amygdala volume predicts development of persistent aggres
3 E - Pardini et al = MRI scans on males with history of violence showed
NEURAL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wxprBuXKXE amygdala volumes more aggressive
L - amygdala plays key role in evaluating sensory information - lower vo
A01 Amygdala - evaluates sensory info & prompts response A Evidence for role of hippocampus
- Removing areas eliminates aggressive response (monkeys) 0 E - Raine et al = MRI scans of unsuccessful psychopaths = exaggerated
- Gospic et al = Ultimatum game (lab) - fMRI scans, proposers & responders, fast & 3 hippocampal asymmetry compared to successful psychopaths & contro
heightened response in amygdala, Bzs drug. E - asymmetries might impair ability of hippocampus & amygdala to wo
L - leads = incorrect processing of emotional stimuli & inappropriate res
A01 Hippocampus - forming L-T memories
- Animal encounters another its been attacked by = can response aggressively
- Impaired function = causes inappropriate response in amygdala = aggression
A01 Serotonin - (neurotransmitter) slows down neural activity in brain
- Drugs that deplete serotonin = shown to increase aggression HORMONAL Gender bias
- Low serotonin levels = more aggression E = Most studies involve male Ps
E = yet link between T. & aggression = even
L = Archer et al - found women more likely
HORMONAL Dual-hormone hypothesis
aggressive to partners while men more like
aggressive acts.
E = Carre & Mehta 2011- High levels of T. lead to
A01 Testosterone - androgen = masculine features
aggressive behaviour only when cortisol low. When Research support
- Regulates social behaviour via influence on areas in brain cortisol high = T. in uence on aggression blocked. E = Dabbs et al - male criminals (highest le
implicated in aggression E = Popma et al. 2007 - study on male adolescents history of violent crimes whereas those wit
- Animal studies (Gimmanco et al = castration) con rms hypothesis in relation to direct aggression. nonviolent crimes
- Human studies (Dolan et al = positive correlation between Combined activity of T + C = better predictor of E = Lindman et al - young males drunk + h
T levels + aggressive behaviours in male offenders) human aggression than T. alone. more aggressive than drunk males + low te
L = Adds validity
fi arfl er
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