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Samenvatting Medische Vakken Periode 2
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Ik heb de leerdoelen van periode 2 uitgewerkt. Deze zijn nodig voor de MBRT-Tech toets.
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Samenvatting Medische VakkenPeriode 2
Inhoudsopgave
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Samenvatting ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Celbiologie .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
De cel ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Celmembraan – bouw ................................................................................................................................... 4
Celorganellen – Endoplasmatisch reticulum ................................................................................................. 4
Celorganellen – ribosoom.............................................................................................................................. 4
Celorganellen – golgi apparaat ...................................................................................................................... 4
Celorganellen – mitochondrion ..................................................................................................................... 5
Celorganellen – centriolen............................................................................................................................. 5
Celskelet ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Nucleus – celkern .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Eiwitsynthese................................................................................................................................................. 6
Eiwitsynthese – bouw DNA............................................................................................................................ 6
Eiwitsynthese – bouw DNA vs. RNA .............................................................................................................. 7
Eiwitsynthese – proces .................................................................................................................................. 7
Mitose – celcyclus .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Mitose – fasen ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Mitose – Profase ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Mitose – metafase ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Mitose – anafase ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Mitose – telofase ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Mitose – cytokinese ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Mitose – alle fasen......................................................................................................................................... 8
Meiose – fasen............................................................................................................................................... 8
Meiose l ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Meiose ll ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Meiose ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Histologie.......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Histologie informatie ................................................................................................................................... 11
Dekweefsels ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Functies ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Steunweefsels .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Extracellulaire matrix ................................................................................................................................... 16
Oncologie.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Celcyclus en checkpoints ............................................................................................................................. 16
Tumorgroei .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Kenmerken .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Classificatie van gezwellen .......................................................................................................................... 17
Invasie .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Risicofactoren .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Klinische verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................... 18
Primaire diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................... 18
Diagnose en stagering ................................................................................................................................. 19
TNM ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
Moleculair-genetische aspecten.................................................................................................................. 20
1
, Therapie ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
Therapie: systemische therapie ................................................................................................................... 21
Mammacarcinoom ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Osteologie ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Botweefsel ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Substantia compacta et spongiosa .............................................................................................................. 22
Beenmerg .................................................................................................................................................... 22
Substantia compacta ................................................................................................................................... 22
Indeling botten ............................................................................................................................................ 23
Ossa sesamoidea ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Ossa pneumatica ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Groei van botweefsel................................................................................................................................... 24
Lengtegroei .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Verbening van bot ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Desmale verbening ...................................................................................................................................... 25
Chondrale verbening ................................................................................................................................... 26
Periosteum .................................................................................................................................................. 26
Remodellering ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Botdichtheid ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Fractuurleer ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Indeling ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Verschijnselen.............................................................................................................................................. 28
Genezing ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Complicaties ................................................................................................................................................ 30
Speciële fractuurleer ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Algemeen behandeling ................................................................................................................................ 30
Volwassenen ................................................................................................................................................ 30
Zygoma # ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Orbita blow-out # ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Mandibula # ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Os nasale...................................................................................................................................................... 31
Tuberculum majus # ................................................................................................................................... 31
Clavicula # .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Subcapitale humerus # ................................................................................................................................ 32
Humerusschacht # ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Radiuskop #: fatpad sign.............................................................................................................................. 32
Olecranon # ................................................................................................................................................. 33
Antebrachii # ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Monteggia en Galeazzi ................................................................................................................................ 33
Pols # ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Scaphoid fractuur ........................................................................................................................................ 35
Bokser fractuur ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Bennet fractuur ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Bekken ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Acetabulum #............................................................................................................................................... 36
Os pubis ....................................................................................................................................................... 37
Heup # ......................................................................................................................................................... 37
KHP .............................................................................................................................................................. 38
DHS .............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Femurschachtfracturen ............................................................................................................................... 38
Tibiaplateau # .............................................................................................................................................. 39
Patella # ....................................................................................................................................................... 39
Cruris #......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Enkelfracturen ............................................................................................................................................. 39
2
, Voet # .......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Lisfranc letsel ............................................................................................................................................... 40
Kinderen ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
Kindermishandeling ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Supracondylaire humerusfractuur .............................................................................................................. 42
Algemene syndesmologie ................................................................................................................................. 42
Botverbindingen – bindweefsel ................................................................................................................... 42
Botverbindingen – kraakbeen ..................................................................................................................... 44
Synoviale gewrichten ................................................................................................................................... 44
Articulatio coxae – heupgewricht ................................................................................................................ 46
Articulatie genus (kniegewricht).................................................................................................................. 46
Enkelgewricht (onderste- en bovenste spronggewricht) ............................................................................ 46
Leerdoelen
Celbiologie
1. Benoemen en herkennen van eiwitsynthese in de cel
2. Benoemen en herkennen van celdeling (mitose en meiose)
Histologie
3. Benoemen welke hoofdcategorieën weefsels er worden onderscheiden.
4. Benoemen welke soorten dek- en steunweefsels er bestaan. Ook kan de bouw en functie
ervan kan beschreven worden
Osteologie
5. Benoemen welke botten er worden onderscheiden a.d.h.v. de vorm van de botten
6. Benoemen welke onderdelen worden onderscheiden bij de lange botten
7. De bouw van botweefsel en het proces van verbening op weefselniveau beschrijven,
Fractuurleer
8. Beschrijven van het proces van fractuurgenezing
9. Benoemen van de meest voorkomende fracturen en daarvan de etiologie,
symptomatologie, onderzoeksmethoden, therapie, complicaties en prognose
Syndesmologie
10. Benoemen van verschillende botverbindingen er worden onderscheiden
11. Beschrijven de globale bouw van een synoviaal gewricht
12. Benoemen en herkennen van de gewrichten en ligamenten van de onderste extremiteit
Oncologie
13. Uit de naam van een tumor het weefsel waaruit de tumor is ontstaan én de aard van de
tumor kunnen afleiden, het pathofysiologisch proces beschrijven en factoren noemen die een
rol spelen in het ontstaan van kanker, alsmede vanuit de ligging van een metastase de meest
waarschijnlijke ligging van de primaire tumor kunnen afleiden
Anatomie onderste extremiteiten
14. Benoemen en herkennen van de botten van de onderste extremiteiten
Samenvatting
Celbiologie
De cel
De cel is de kleinste functionele levende eenheid van de mens en bestaat grofweg uit:
o Celmembraan
3
, o Cytoplasma
o Celorganellen
o Celkern
Celmembraan – bouw
Dubbele lipiden laag
Hydrofiele kop
Hydrofobe staart
Celorganellen – Endoplasmatisch reticulum
o Ruw ER
o Heeft ribosomen aan de buitenkant, wat het ruw maakt
o Betrokken bij eiwitsynthese
o Glad ER
o Betrokken bij de bouw van onderdelen van de
celmembraan
Celorganellen – ribosoom
o Eiwit fabrieken
o Eiwitmoleculen worden in de ribosomen gemaakt op basis van genetische messenger
RNA-code
o Twee sub-units
▪ Vrij in het cytoplasma
▪ Gebonden aan het ER
Celorganellen – golgi apparaat
o Netwerk van membranen
o Eiwitten in blaasjes afkomstig uit ER worden
verder ontwikkeld in het Golgiapparaat
o Vorming glycoproteïnen – koppeling van
eiwitten en koolhydraten (oligosachariden) – die
als hormoon/ enzym/ etc. kunnen functioneren
o Vorming blaasjes voor transport de cel uit
4
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