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Sophia Statistics Unit 1 Milestone-2023
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Sophia Statistics Unit 1 Milestone-2023
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UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1
4 questions were answered incorrectly.
1
Jenae noticed that many of her co-workers would opt for the coffee that appeared to be most recently brewed,
regardless of the flavor of the coffee offered. This leads her to believe that what she was witnessing was not
really representative of everyone's true flavor preferences. She adapted her experimental study accordingly.
Select one control in Jenae's experimental study.
Jenae places condiments at random places throughout the kitchen.
Jenae makes sure that the coffee in different pots is brewed at the same time.
Jenae uses different locations in the kitchen for the coffee pots.
Jenae monitors the habits of the co-workers who do not drink coffee.
RATIONALE
In an experiment, controls are when conditions are manipulated by the experimenter to keep conditions as
consistent as possible. In this example Jenae brews coffee at the same time, so this is a control.
CONCEPT
Experimental Design
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,2
The traffic volumes at a major intersection in New York were surveyed every day between one and four in the
afternoon for a month to study the traffic patterns in the city.
Which of the following types of bias affects the conclusions of the survey?
Selection bias
Deliberate bias
Response bias
Non-response bias
RATIONALE
Selection bias is when the mode of selection introduces a bias in the sample so that it is not representative of the
population of interest. Since they only collected information from 1 to 4pm, this is a selection bias.
CONCEPT
Selection and Deliberate Bias
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3
A new pet food product for small dogs has been developed to help with tooth decay. Fifty-two dogs participate
in the study. Each dog owner picks a card from a standard deck out of a hat. If the card is red, their dog will be in
the treatment group. If the card is black, their dog will be in the placebo group.
Which experimental design was used?
Case-Control Design
Randomized Block Design
Matched-Pair Design
, Completely Randomized Design
RATIONALE
Since all dogs are assigned treatment or control randomly by picking a card without considering other factors,
this is called a completely randomized design.
CONCEPT
Completely Randomized Design
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4
Sam counts how many people came to the local political meeting. He counts 72 people, but forgot about the 4
people sitting behind him.
The percent error in his calculation is __________.
-5.3%
50%
-2.8%
5.6%
RATIONALE
Recall that the percent error is equivalent to the absolute difference divided by the actual value.
If the actual number of people was 76, and the observed number of people was only 72, then the absolute
error is:
So we calculate the percentage error to be:
CONCEPT
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