Lecture notes

Lecture notes Human Biology (BIO4002-20)

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Module
Human Biology (BIO400220)

Institution
Bath Spa University (BSU)

This document contains vital information about the cardiovascular system, like its function, essential characteristics, importance of the cardiovascular system and also the different organs present in the cardiovascular system.

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Uploaded on May 8, 2023
Number of pages 9
Written in 2022/2023
Type Lecture notes
Professor(s) Bill hosker
Contains All classes

cardivascular
system

Institution
Bath Spa University (BSU)
Education Unknown
Module
Human Biology (BIO400220)

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Cardiovascular system
Teacher Bill Hosker

Date @March 13, 2023

Last edited time @March 13, 2023 9:43 AM

Status Done

Topic Cardiovascular system

Learning outcomes
Be able to describe the major blood vessels, structure and function

Understand the composition of blood

Understand many parts of blood

Knowledge of the anatomy of the heart

Understand coronary circulation

Know the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs

I will look at the circulatory system first, then look at the heart

💡 Overview
Physical Characteristics of Blood

Blood: a sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste

The colour varies from scarlet (oxygen-rich) to dark red (oxygen-poor)

The pH of blood is 7.35-7.45

Temperature 38ºC, slightly higher than “normal” body temperature

Accounts for about 8% of body weight

Cardiovascular system 1

, The average volume of blood: 5-6 litres for males and 4.5 litres for females

Composition of Blood

Blood: a fluid connective tissue

Composed of liquid plasma (55%) and formed elements

Formed elements include:

Erythrocytes: red blood cells (RBCs)-45%

Leukocytes: white blood cells (WBCs)-<1%

Platelets- < 1%

Hematocrit: the percentage of RBCs out of the total blood volume

Functions of Blood: Distribution

Blood transports:

Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to tissues

Metabolic waste from cells to the lungs (CO2) and kidneys, and liver for
processing or elimination

Hormones from endocrine glands to target organs

Functions of Blood: Regulation

Blood maintains:

Appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat

Normal pH in body tissues using buffer systems

Adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

Functions of Blood: Protection

Blood prevents blood loss by:

Active plasma proteins and platelets

initiating clot formation when a vessel is broken

Prevents infection by:

Synthesising and utilising antibodies

Cardiovascular system 2

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