100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Finance 1 notes $6.99   Add to cart

Class notes

Finance 1 notes

 14 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Notes from the Finance 1 Business Administration lectures and tutorials

Preview 3 out of 17  pages

  • May 9, 2023
  • 17
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Pepijn triest
  • Niet allemala volledig, maar wel 85%
avatar-seller
Finance 1

Lecture 1: 3 November 2022
S&P 500: IX 25

Key decisions in finance
- What should I invest in?
- How do I get the money?

Chapter 1 – the corporation
Key questions:
1. What is a corporation?
2. What is the objective of a corporation?
3. Who owns/runs the corporation?
4. Does the corporation generate problems?

What is a corporation?




What is the objective of the corporation?
The objective of the firm is to maximize shareholder value
So, make decisions that increase the value of their firms’ shares

Maximizing shareholder value (SV)
- Shareholder is residual claimant (last in line), hence should (theoretically) take into account
interest of others
- Assumes:
o Agency problems do not stand in the way
o All externalities are correctly priced or suffiently regulated

Does the corporation generate problems?
- Is the maximizing shareholder value a good objective?
o What are the advantages?

, o What are the disadvantages?
- Do (people working within) firms maximize shareholder value?

Evaluating maximizing shareholder value
- Max shareholder value is a good start…
- Without frictions and externalities, maximizing shareholder value makes sense as an objective
- With frictions and externalities (like agency problems or pollution), this objective introduces
new problems
- Shareholder value versus stakeholder value
- Regulation of corporations is needed

Issues with maximizing SV due to externalities
- Rules and regulations often do not sufficiently protect interests of all stakeholders (e.g.
employees)
- SV does not take into account impact on future generations (e.g. CO2 emissions, depletion of
natural resources)
- Externalities are not sufficiently internalized when not or insufficiently priced

Firm objective: academic debate
- Paper Hart and Zingales (2017): propose maximizing shareholder welfare as alternative
objective:
o Investments often are intrinsically linked with “damage” and money-making decisions
cannot be separated from ethical considerations by shareholders
- Laws and rules should support this
o Voting mechanisms

Externalities and SV as objective
- Rules and regulation
- Ethical behavior management

Who runs/owns the corporation?
- Shareholders are called “owners”... but do not have full ownership rights only some economic
and voting rights
- CEO / managers run the firm (make day to day decisions)
- Corporation is owner of its assets

Do (people working within) firms maximize shareholder value?
- Firms have managers and shareholders who are often not the same people
- This leads to separation of ownership and control (shareholder = ‘owner’ and manager =
control)
- Introduces an agency problem
- Self-interested managers maximize their own utility, not shareholder value

How do firms minimize the agency problem?
Corporate Governance
- Board of directors overlooking CEO
- Tie management’s compensation to firm performance
- Competition on product markets
- Poor performance  investor’s sell shares  share price drops  hostile takeovers (new
management team tries to fix the company)

Conclusion chapter 1
- Organizations can be organized in different ways (private, public, limited liability)
- We assume firms to try to maximize (shareholder) value although managers have their own
objectives (agency problems)

, - Maximizing shareholder value is not a perfect objective (think of externalities)

Chapter 2 financial statement analysis
- What financial information about the firm is available?
- What do the financial statements tell us about the firm?
- How is accounting information related to firm value?




Financial statement issues
- Market value vs book values
- Enterprise value
- Cash flows versus profits
- Leverage, valuation ratios

Enterprise value
- Consider the following balance sheet (market values!)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller amberdeborst. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$6.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart