bio quiz #6 SOLUTION LATEST 2023 EDITION AID GRADE A+

carbon dioxide a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms Chlorophyll A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria glucose a sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms limiting factor anything that constraints somethings size/slows or stops it from growing Nanometer(nm) one billionth of a meter Photosynthesis process used by plants to harness energy from the sunlight and turn it into chemical energy Wavelength the distance through two waves During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of light to produce glucose (C6H12O6) from carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). Glucose is a simple sugar that plants use for energy and as a building block for larger molecules. ... A by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen. Plants use some of the oxygen they produce, but most of it is released. In the Photosynthesis Lab Gizmo, you can monitor the rate of photosynthesis by measuring oxygen production. ... Observe the left pane closely. What do you think the bubbles are? I think the bubbles are the oxygen being released into the air. Select the BAR CHART tab. On the graph, notice the Oxygen flow bar. Move the Light intensity slider back and forth. How does light intensity affect oxygen production? Light intensity affects oxygen production because when there isn't enough light little no oxygen is being produced, when there is a lot of light more oxygen is being produced. Experiment with the vertical Temperature slider (upper left) and the CO2 level slider. ... How does temperature affect oxygen production? When the temperature slider is at its highest 50℃, there is no oxygen production, when the temperature is at its lowest 0℃ there is no oxygen production. This means that when the temperature is in between 0℃ - 50℃ there is oxygen production. How does CO2 level affect oxygen production? When the CO2 levels are low there is little to no oxygen production, when the CO2 levels are higher there is lots of oxygen production. How does oxygen production relate to the rate of photosynthesis? Oxygen production relates to the rate of photosynthesis because when there is a high oxygen production there is a high rate of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, light energy is used to synthesize carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). The complex series of chemical reactions is summarized by the following formula: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy In the Gizmo, what light intensity and CO2 level do you think will maximize the rate of photosynthesis? I think the highest light intensity and CO2 levels will maximize the rate of photosynthesis because that would cause the greatest amount of oxygen production, which will cause a rapid rate of photosynthesis. Use the Gizmo to find the ideal conditions for photosynthesis. Use any method you like. When you think you have the answer, list the conditions below. Temperature: 25℃ Light intensity: 90% CO2 level: 1000ppm Oxygen production: 51.8 Why would it be hard to find the ideal light intensity if the temperature were very hot or cold? It would be hard to find the ideal light intensity if the temperature were too hot or cold because the environmental conditions of the plant would prevent the reactions to be accurate. Why would it be hard to find the ideal CO2 level if the light intensity were very low? If the light intensity was very low, this would cause the oxygen production to be very low near to zero, no matter what the CO2 level you use. the color of a light wave is determined by its wavelength. On the COLOR tab, slowly drag the Light wavelength slider back and forth and observe the effect on oxygen production. How does the color of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? The color of light has a large effect on the rate of the photosynthesis because the chlorophyll absorbs certain colors of the spectrum and blocks other colors of the spectrum. Form hypothesis: Which color of light do you think will maximize the rate of photosynthesis? The color of light that will maximize the rate of photosynthesis would be orange. Which colors were absorbed best by the plant? The colors that were absorbed the best were blue-violet and red-orange. Which colors were absorbed the worst? The colors that were absorbed the worst were green-yellow. When we look at a leaf, we see the colors of light that are reflected off its surface. How does this explain the relatively low flow of oxygen in green light? This helps explain the relatively low flow of oxygen in green light because it isn't absorbed by the chlorophyll, and photosynthesis doesn't work well in green light since it doesn't actually absorb the needed light. Move the Temperature slider up and down. Were you able to increase oxygen production? (Return the slider to 24°C when finished.) I was not able to increase the oxygen production. Move the Light intensity slider back and forth. Were you able to increase oxygen production? (Return the slider to 50% when finished.) I was not able to increase the oxygen production. Move the CO2 level slider back and forth. Were you able to increase oxygen production? (Return the slider to 200 ppm when finished.) I was able to increase the oxygen production. In this situation, what was the limiting factor? The limiting factor was CO2 because when it was decreased or increased, it was still able to increase the oxygen production. I know that CO2 is the limiting factor because it always increases oxygen production.. Challenge: In each of the situations below, use the Gizmo to find the limiting factor. Temperature; 25°C, Light intensity; 60%,CO2 level;700ppm, Limiting factor; light intensity Temperature; 15°C, 30°C, Light intensity; 20%, 50%,CO2 level; 200ppm, 400ppm, Limiting factor; temperature Suppose you were a farmer trying to grow plants in a greenhouse. Why would it be important to know what the limiting factor is? If I were a farmer trying to grow plants in the greenhouse it would be important for me to know the limiting factor of the plants so I don't have to spend unnecessary money. Which would be because I would be able to know what parts are crucial to the results I want. From knowing the limiting factor it would be faster to produce a certain plant I want to grow. The human body is about two-thirds oxygen Oxygen's influence and its role in Human Body In the human body, the oxygen is absorbed by the blood stream in the lungs, being then transported to the cells where an elaborated change process takes place. Oxygen plays a vital role in the breathing processes and in the metabolism of the living organisms. Probably, the only living cells that do not need oxygen are some anaerobic bacteria that obtain energy from other metabolic processes. The nutrient compounds, inside of the cell, are oxidized through complex enzymatic processes. This oxidation is the source of energy of most of the animals, mainly of mammals. The products are carbon dioxide and water (exhaled air has a relative humidity of 100%), which are eliminated by the human body through the lungs.Click the link below to read more about: The Physiology of Respiration in human and oxygen transport Appropriate levels ofoxygenare vital tosupport cell respiration. Oxygen plays an important role in the energy metabolism of living organisms. The living cell is the site of tremendous biochemical activity called metabolism. This is the process of chemical and physical change which goes on continually in the human body: build-up of new tissue, replacement of old tissue, conversion of food to energy, disposal of waste materials, reproduction - all the activities that we characterize as "life." Research shows that cells have only a "limited number" of cell divisions possible in a human lifetime. Studies show that by the time you're 20 most of the cells that make up your body have used up half of the divisions available in their cell lifespan. By the time you're 40, there are maybe only 30% of your possible cell divisions left. When the cells use up their natural allotted cell divisions, the end is death! Cellular respiration Molecular oxygen, O2, is essential for cellular respiration in all aerobic organisms. Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor in mitochondria to generate chemical energy. Take a look inside the cell to see these "powerhouses" of the cell, petite organelles mitochondria, click here. In the human body, oxygen uptake is carried out by the following processes: Oxygen diffuses through membranes and into red blood cells after inhalation into the lungs. The heme group (that consists of an iron) of hemoglobin binds oxygen when it is present, changing haemoglobin's color from bluish red to bright red. A liter of blood can dissolve 200 cc of oxygen gas, which is much more than water can dissolve. After being carried in blood to a body tissue in need of oxygen, O2 is handed-off to an enzyme (monooxygenase) that also has an active site with an atom of iron. The enzyme uses oxygen to catalyze many oxidation reactions in the body (metabolism). Carbon dioxide, a waste product, is released from the cell and into the blood, where it combines with bicarbonate and hemoglobin for transport to the lungs. Blood circulates back to the lungs and the process repeats. Find out more about cell, click here A small part of the waste that comes from our body cells is watery, or easily dissolved in water; Furthermore, this is transported in the blood to a specific set of filter organs—the liver and the kidneys—and poured out of the body as the urine. Another part of waste is passed off through the skin in the form of watery vapor as perspiration, or sweat. But part of the waste can be gotten rid of only by burning, and what we call burning is another name for combining with oxygen, or to use one word—oxidation; Moreover, this is precisely the purpose of the carrying of oxygen by the little red blood cells from the lungs to the deeper parts of the body—to burn up, or oxidize, these waste materials which would otherwise poison our cells. When they are burnt, or oxidized, they become almost harmless. While oxygen supports our life, and "oxidizes" or "burns" food to create energy and heat for our bodies, certain types of altered oxygen molecules called "Free Radicals" which are ever-present in our bodies, will damage our own cells and even our DNA, causing degeneration and diseases such as cancer. A "radical" is an atom with an unbalanced electrical charge, and it will seek to steal electrons from other atoms - such as the atoms of our body cells! As Dr. Tai likes to say, the oxidation of cells by free radicals makes the human body "rust" like oxidation of metal makes it rust - and you know what rust does to the strength and natural beauty of the metal. Our bodies need the help of "antioxidants" to neutralize the oxidation properties of those invading free radicals. There are thousands of research papers that point to the production of free radicals as the primary cause of aging. Free radicals are unstable molecules in the body created as part of the waste products or normal cellular metabolic activities. YOU ARE ONLY AS OLD AS YOUR CELLS! Recent research has given new hope to the task of rejuvenating and extending the lifespan of cells. This cellular rejuvenation, life extension, and improved vitality has been achieved using special antioxidants that can actually keep cells looking and acting younger - and may even reverse the aging process ! The human body represents one of the most perfectly designed and coordinated structures. However, all these structures are held in position by a dense network of systems which constantly work together to keep us going.The brain represents only 2% of the human body weight; it receives 15% of the cardiac output, 20% of total body oxygen consumption, and 25% of total body glucose utilization. The energy consumption for the brain to simply survive is 0.1 calories per minute, while this value can be as high as 1.5 calories per minute during crossword puzzle-solving. When neurons in a particular region of the brain are highly active, they consume a great deal of oxygen, which results in recruitment of extra blood flow to that region. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neurone disease, and Huntington's disease are caused by the gradual death of individual neurons, leading to decrements in movement control, memory, and cognition. Mental performance in the human body can be improved by "feeding" the brain with extra oxygen or glucose, according to research published today that could have implications for the treatment of dementia. It's well known that after about nine minutes of no oxygen, from drowning or whatever, you can kiss your brain good-bye. Brain cells are extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation and can begin to die within five minutes after oxygen supply has been cut off. CONTINUED...