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BTEC Applied Science biology Unit 8 learning aim A
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BTEC Applied Science biology Unit 8 learning aim A
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Unit 8: Physiology of Human body systemSophia Crabb
Musculoskeletal disorders
A: Understand the impacts of disorders of the musculoskeletal system
and their associated corrective treatment
P1: Explain the functional role of the musculoskeletal system in the human body
Structure of skeleton
The musculoskeletal system is made up of body's bone, ligaments, tendons,
joints, muscles and cartilage. The skeleton main function is to support the body
and allows it to move, the tendons, which connect muscle to bone and ligaments
which connect bone to bone, this gives the body stability. There are 2 skeletons,
the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. All together an adult human
skeleton consists of 206 bones.
Axial skeleton - forms a longitudinal axis of the skeleton, starting at the cranium
the top of the skull, then the mandible and maxilla, the upper and lower jaw
bones, the vertebral column which has different types of vertebrae, cervical,
thorax, lumbar and the intervertebral discs between them and the rib cage.
Appendicular skeleton - these are the bones that form the limbs which are joined
to the axial skeleton by limb girdles.
, The musculoskeletal is also involved in the storage of minerals, the bones in the
musculoskeletal system are essential for this as they are made up of minerals and
store calcium and phosphorous, which makes it hard and strong. As well as this
bones store calcium which can be released into the bloodstream if it’s needed by
other parts of the body.
Bones
In the musculoskeletal system, certain bones contain red bone marrow, this
produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. This shows that the
musculoskeletal serves vital functions.
Photos of bones from: https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/types-of-bones
Flat bones – protect internal organs like the brain, heart and pelvic organsby being hard
bone with a spongy layer between, as well as this they can provide a large surface area
for muscle attachment such as the scapula.
Some examples are:
Skull – Occipital, Parietal, Frontal, Nasal, Lacrimal and Vomer.
Thoracic cage – Sternum and Ribs
Pelvis – Ilium, Ischium and Pubis
Short bones - These located in the wrist and
ankle joints, it gives some movements with
no loss of strength and provides stability.
Examples include:
Carpals in the wrists
Carpals in the ankles
Long bones - These form the limbs; they are
cylinders of hard bone with soft spongy marrow
inside. They are given extra solidity by being
wider at each end than the middle. The function
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