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Summary History IGCSE Cambridge Core Content B Modern World History Topic 4: Who was to blame for the Cold War?
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1Topic 4: Who was to blame for the Cold War?
4.1 Communism vs Capitalism
● USA/ USSR relations began breaking down in 1945 because:
○ Removal of common enemy= Germany had been defeated so there was no longer a
need for allied cooperation which had been extensive during war
○ Ideological differences= one was capitalist and one was communist meaning there
was little trust of one another and meant they had different ideas of how to reconstruct
Europe after end of War
○ History of hostility= things such as USA involvement in Russian Civil War and not
being invited to Munich conference angered Stalin and USA was angry about Nazi
Soviet pact
● had different ideas of how to reconstruct Europe after the war and the countries were run by
different ideals (one reason for breakdown of relations)
Area of Conflict Communist ideal (fairness & equality) (Marxism) Capitalist ideal (equal
opportunity for all)
How should controlled economy (controlled by government (how free economy (based on
economics be much is made, when must be sold by & what price it is supply and demand)
organised? at)
wealth is a reward for
wealth is shared hardwork
no person should be allowed to profit from work of others standard of living higher than
Communism but wide gap
all profit goes to government so all enjoy not just owners between rich and poor (don’t
or even shareholders have to share wealth
lower standard of living than capitalist but (in theory)
everyone is equal
Should individuals be no (state ownership) (state owns property and all yes (business should be
allowed to companies on behalf of people) owned)
accumulate property
what should be the high level (gets involved in all aspects of life since the very little (people can do
role of government in rights of individuals are not as important as the whole what they want as long as it
society population) is legal)
how should elections only one party many parties to chose from
be organized/ fought (democratic)
what freedoms all owned by the state (propaganda) (controlled) freedom of the press
should the press
have? government controls books, textbooks etc.
Attitude to religion religion is bad freedom of religion
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