Unit 1- Intro & History:Evolution of Psychological Science
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Course
Psyc 101
Institution
University Of British Columbia (UBC
)
Gain insights into the origins and historical development of psychology as a scientific discipline. Delve into the influential theories, perspectives, and milestones that have shaped the field. Explore the contributions of notable psychologists and the evolution of research methods in psychological...
Intro & history:evolution of psychological science
Subjects
psyc101
evolution
history
freud
psychological science
development of psychology
perspectives
theories
historical context
behaviour
research methods
introduction to psychology
Written for
University of British Columbia (UBC
)
Psychology
Psyc 101
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Intro & History – Week 1 & 2
History of Psychology Lecture
Psyc 101 – Eva Zysk
- Philosophers pondered over the workings of human minds
- Plato (428 – 347 BCE) – ‘nativism’ (knowledge as innate or inborn)
Mind & Brain connection (1600’s)
- Descartes (1596 – 1650) argued the body and mind are different things (material vs. spiritual substances)
– “dualism”
Realism vs. Idealism (1600 – 1700’s)
- Locke (1632 – 1704) believed that how we view the real world is an exact replication produced by our
sensory organs (i.e. “realism”)
- Kant (1724 – 1804) thought that how we see the physical world are the brains interpretation of
information from the sensory organs (i.e. “idealism)
Phrenology (1700’s)
Gall (1758 – 1828)
- Believed parts of the brain correspond to human character & abilities, and that the size and location of
bumps or indentations in the skull marks these.
Mind & Body connection (1800’s)
Flourens (1794 – 1867)
- Animal brain surgeries evidence of localization
Broca (1824 – 1880)
- Patient with brain damage evidence of localization
Structuralism
Helmholtz (1821 – 1894)
- Measured reaction time of nerve impulses in frog legs
- Concluded mental processes are not instantaneous
- Scientific study of the brain
Wundt (1832 – 1920)
- Helmholtz’s former research assistant
- Credited for the emergence of scientific psychology
- Opened first psychology lab (Germany) – marked “birth” of psychology
- Believed psychology should center around scientific study of consciousness, and he tried to do this using
structuralism – analysis of the basic elements that make up the mind.
Functionalism
James (1842 – 1910)
- Believed consciousness cannot be broken down into separate elements
- Founder of functionalism – study of how mental processes enable us to adapt to our environments
, - Based on Darwin’s 1859 theory of natural selection
- Structuralist + Functionalist perspectives are both important in modern psychology
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
- Developed etiological theories based on his work with hysteric patients
- Believed problems stemmed from painful (forgotten) childhood experiences
- Unconscious mind: operates outside of conscious awareness, but influences conscious thoughts,
emotions, and actions
- Developed Psychoanalytic theory, and from that psychoanalysis (therapy)
Humanistic Psychology
Maslow (1908 – 1970) & Rogers (1902 – 1987)
- Understanding human nature though looking at their positive potential
- Humans as free agents with inherent need to grow, develop, and reach full potential
Behaviourism
Psychology should be restricted to using the scientific method for objectively observable behaviour
Pavlov (1849 – 1936)
- Dogs salivating to bells
- Classical conditioning
Watson (1878 – 1958)
- Little Albert
- Classical conditioning
Skinner (1904 – 1990)
- Skinner box
- Operant conditioning
What can the scientific method tell us?
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