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Summary THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
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The summarized version of the theories of personalities with acrostics to make you remember and memorise them best.
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CHAPTER 5:PERSONALITY ASSESSMENTFREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY- FPT
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
PART 3:PERSONALITY
FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY
FREUD
F Fixation
stages(oral,Anal,Phallic,Latency,Genital)
R Reality principle
E Ego, Id, Superego
U Unconscious mind
D Defense mechanisms
Death instincts(Thanatos)-the destructive force of human nature
Life instincts(eros)-serve the need for survival and development and ensure the reproduction
instincts
Libido-the psychic energy manifested by life instincts
Freud suggests that everyone has an unconscious wish to die.
THREE LEVELS OF PERSONALITY
1. Conscious - sensations and experiences that we are aware of at any given moment in time
2. Preconscious – includes thoughts, memories, and perceptions that we may recall by bringing
them into the state of consciousness
3.Unconscious -contains memories,thoughts and instincts that are so threatening to the
conscious mind that remain buried in the unconscious mind
SKINNER’S VIEW ON PERSONALITY
, SKINNER KEY ELEMENTS OF SKINNER’S VIEW ON
PERSONALITY THEORY
S Stimulus-response(Respondent behaviour)
K Key concepts of operant conditioning
I Influence of environment on behavior
N Negative and positive reinforcement
N Nurture over nature
E Environmental determinism
R Rewards and punishments
-believed that people’s behaviour depends on whether they have been rewarded or punished
for a particular behaviour in the past and the influence it has on future behaviour
-for skinner therefore the study of personality therefore required systematic and rigorous
examination of the distinctive patterns of an individual’s behaviour and their reinforcing
consequences
-Operant conditioning -change in the frequency and form of behaviour in response to the
consequences the behaviour produces
MASLOW’S VIEW ON PERSONALITY THEORY
SELF
S Self -actualization
E Esteem needs
L Love and belongingness
F Safety needs
-Physiological needs-basic needs
-according to Maslow only one need will dominate your personality
Conditions needed to satisfy self-actualization
-not being distracted by lower-level needs.
-being able to love and to be loved
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