Propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is an organic compound. Nearly 20,000 tons are
produced annually for use as a solvent. This colourless liquid is known for its characteristic odour
of pears.
propanol + ethanoic acid = isopropanol ethanoic
Propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is an organic compound. Nearly 20,000 tons are
produced annually for use as a solvent. This colourless liquid is known for its characteristic odour
of pears.
propanol + ethanoic acid = isopropanol ethanoic
REFLUX
Reflux involves heating the chemical reaction for a specific amount of time, while continually
cooling the vapour produced back into liquid form, using a condenser. The vapours produced
above the reaction continually undergo condensation, returning to the flask as a condensate
Refluxing is used in organic compounds because they have weak boiling points and can be
volatile or evaporate quickly into the air. Thus, for the prevention of liquid loss, the reflux
method is used. This allows the liquid to return to its original state without elimination.
PREPERATIONMETHOD
• Mix 10cm 3 of propane-2-ol and 10cm 3 of glacial ethanoic acid thoroughly in a 100cm 3
round-
• bottomed flask. Add 5cm 3 of concentrated sulphuric acid slowly with cooling.
• Ensure that the mixture is homogeneous, then fit the flask with a reflux water condenser
and
• boil the mixture gently for 10 minutes.
• Rearrange the position of the condenser for distillation, and distil off the mixture boiling
below
• 100°C.
Things to consider
• Use a water bath or warmer instead of a Bunsen burner to prevent boiling the alcohol
• Use grease to prevent glass Joints from fusing and heat
• Bumping granules makes more bubbles, making the liquid simmer rather than boil
• Acids are poisonous and corrosive. were googles whilst handling
, DISTILATION
Distillation is the process of separating the components of a liquid mixture through selective
evaporation and condensation. The basis of separation is the difference in the vapour pressures
(volatilities) of the respective components. Distillation can be used to purify a compound by
separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material.
METHOD
• Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and add about 25 cm 3 of 30% sodium
carbonate solution. Add a Stopper to the funnel, invert it, and shake, opening the tap
from time to time to relieve the pressure.
• Allow the two layers to separate and carefully run off and reject the lower layer, ensuring
that the sodium carbonate is removed as completely as possible.
EXTRACTION
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance.
Extraction moves compounds from one liquid to another, so that they can be more easily
manipulated or concentrated
METHOD
• Prepare a solution of 25g of calcium chloride in 25 cm 3 of water, add it to the crude
ethyl ethanoate in the funnel, and shake vigorously. Allow the mixture to separate, and
run off the lower aqueous layer as completely as possible.
• Run the ethyl ethanoate into a small conical flask, add a few lumps of granular anhydrous
calcium chloride, and shake occasionally until the liquid is clear.
• Decant the liquid into a clean, dry 100 cm 3 round-bottom flask, add some anti-bumping
granules, and arrange for distillation. Heat and collect the fraction that boils between 84°
C and 94°
• This is our crude sample. Anything above it is water boiling off
• Measure the volume of the crude sample
PURIFYING
METHOD
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