Summary

samenvatting farmacologie

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Course
J000507A (J000507A)

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Dit is een samenvatting, gebaseerd op de slides en persoonlijke notities van de lessen farmacologie. Dit vak wordt tijdens het tweede semester van de derde bachelor farmacie aan de UGent gedoceerd. Dit document bevat duidelijk de te kennen geneesmiddelen met hun indicaties, deze staan telkens in he...

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Uploaded on May 12, 2023
Number of pages 148
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

farmacologie
3e bachelor
farmacie
algemene farmacologie
samenvatting
farmaceutische wetenschappen
ugent
universiteit gent

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Education
Farmaceutische Wetenschappen
Course
J000507A (J000507A)

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Inhoudsopgave

1. Autonomic nervous system ....................................................................................................... 10

Cholinerge transmissie .............................................................................................................................. 11
1. Muscarine agonisten (parasympathomimetica, cholinerge agentia) ............................................ 12
2. Muscarine antagonisten (parasympatholytica, anticholinerge agentia) ....................................... 12
3. Neuromusculaire blokkers ............................................................................................................. 14
4. Cholinesterase inhibitoren............................................................................................................. 15

Noradrenerge transmissie ......................................................................................................................... 16
1. Adrenoreceptor agonisten ............................................................................................................. 17
Niet selectieve endogene agonisten (α+ ß) ....................................................................................... 17
Selectieve α1 agonisten ..................................................................................................................... 17
Selectieve α2 agonisten ..................................................................................................................... 17
ß agonisten ........................................................................................................................................ 18
selectieve ß2 agonisten ..................................................................................................................... 18
ß3 agonisten ...................................................................................................................................... 18
3. Adrenoreceptor antagonisten ....................................................................................................... 19
Niet selectieve α antagonisten .......................................................................................................... 19
Selectieve α1 antagonisten ............................................................................................................... 19
ß antagonisten (ß blocking agents).................................................................................................... 20
4. Geneesmiddelen met een invloed op de synthese van noradrenaline ......................................... 21
Perifere inhibitoren van DOPA decarboxylase .................................................................................. 21
Methyldopa (aldomet) ....................................................................................................................... 21
5. Geneesmiddelen die de noradrenaline release, neuronale reuptake of degradatie beïnvloeden 22

2. Cardiovasculair systeem ............................................................................................................ 22

Antihypertensiva ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Centraal werkende antihypertensiva .................................................................................................... 22

Antianginale geneesmiddelen ................................................................................................................... 23
1. Nitrovasodilatoren (nitraten, molsidomine) .................................................................................. 23

Geneesmiddelen gebruikt bij hartfalen ..................................................................................................... 24
1. Digitalis glyclosiden ........................................................................................................................ 24
2. Fosfodiësterase III-inhibitoren ....................................................................................................... 25

Calcium antagonisten................................................................................................................................ 25

Het renine-angiotensine systeem .............................................................................................................. 26
1. Inhibitoren van angiotensine converting enzyme (ACE inhibitoren) ............................................. 27
2. Sartanen: antagonisten van de angiotensine1-receptor ............................................................... 28

Diuretica .................................................................................................................................................... 28
1. Lisdiuretica ..................................................................................................................................... 28
2. Thiaziden ........................................................................................................................................ 29
3. Kaliumsparende diuretica .............................................................................................................. 30

1

, 4. Carbo-anhydrase inhibitoren ......................................................................................................... 30
5. Osmotische diuretica ..................................................................................................................... 31

Antiaritmische geneesmiddelen ................................................................................................................ 31
1. Klasse 1: snelle natrium kanaal blokkers ....................................................................................... 31
2. Klasse 2: ß-blokkers ....................................................................................................................... 32
3. Klasse 3: kalium kanaal blokkers .................................................................................................... 32
4. Klasse 4: calcium kanaal blokkers .................................................................................................. 33
5. Adenosine ...................................................................................................................................... 33

Hypolipidemische middelen, lipidenverlagende geneesmiddelen ............................................................. 33
1. Statines .......................................................................................................................................... 34
2. Fibraten .......................................................................................................................................... 35
3. Geneesmiddelen die cholesterol absorptie inhiberen ................................................................... 35
a. Anion exchangers ....................................................................................................................... 35
b. Ezetimibe ................................................................................................................................ 35
4. Nicotinezuur of niacine .................................................................................................................. 36
5. PCSK9-inhibitoren .......................................................................................................................... 36

Antithrombotica ........................................................................................................................................ 36
1. Anti aggregantia, anti plaatjes geneesmiddelen ............................................................................ 36
a. Acetylsalicylzuur ......................................................................................................................... 37
b. Thienopyridines = irreversibele en reversibele P2Y12 antagonisten ..................................... 37
c. Dipyridamole .............................................................................................................................. 38
d. GP Iib-IIIa-receptor antagonisten ........................................................................................... 38
2. Anticoagulantia .............................................................................................................................. 38
a. Heparine..................................................................................................................................... 39
b. Vitamine K antagonisten ........................................................................................................ 39
c. Thrombine inhibitoren ............................................................................................................... 40
d. Inhibitoren van factor Xa ........................................................................................................ 40
3. Thrombolytica, fibrinolytische geneesmiddelen............................................................................ 40

3. Centraal zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................ 41

Sedatieve, hypnotische en anxiolytische geneesmiddelen ........................................................................ 41
1. Benzodiazepines ............................................................................................................................ 41
2. Z-producten: zolpidem en zopiclone ............................................................................................. 43
3. Barbituraten ................................................................................................................................... 43

Antidepressiva ........................................................................................................................................... 44
1. Reuptake inhibitoren, monoamine uptake inhibitoren ................................................................. 44
2. St-Janskruid .................................................................................................................................... 45
3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitoren MAO inhibitoren ........................................................................ 46
4. Lithium ........................................................................................................................................... 46

Antipsychotica ........................................................................................................................................... 47

Centraal stimulerende middelen ............................................................................................................... 48
1. Amfetamines en gerelateerde geneesmiddelen............................................................................ 48
2. Atomoxetine .................................................................................................................................. 48

2

, 3. Cocaïne .......................................................................................................................................... 49

Geneesmiddelen gebruikt bij afhankelijkheid ........................................................................................... 49
1. Bij alcoholmisbruik ......................................................................................................................... 49
Disulfiram .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Acamprosaat (campral) ..................................................................................................................... 49
2. Bij tabaks verslaving ....................................................................................................................... 49
Nicotine ............................................................................................................................................. 49
Bupropion .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Varenicline ......................................................................................................................................... 50

Geneesmiddelen om parkinson te behandelen ......................................................................................... 50
1. L-DOPA + DDC inhibitor ................................................................................................................. 50
2. Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitoren ....................................................................... 50
3. Mono amine oxidase B inhibitoren ................................................................................................ 51
4. Dopamine agonisten ...................................................................................................................... 51
5. Muscarine antagonisten ................................................................................................................ 51

Anti epileptica ........................................................................................................................................... 51
1. Klassieke anti-epileptica ................................................................................................................ 52
Valproïnezuur .................................................................................................................................... 52
Carbamazepine .................................................................................................................................. 52
Fenytoïne ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Fenobarbital en primidone ................................................................................................................ 53
Ethosuximide ..................................................................................................................................... 53
Benzodiazepines ................................................................................................................................ 53
2. Nieuwe generatie anti-epileptica .................................................................................................. 53
Lamotrigine ........................................................................................................................................ 53
Levetiracetam .................................................................................................................................... 53
Topiramaat ........................................................................................................................................ 53
Gabapentine en pregabaline ............................................................................................................. 53
Zonisamide ........................................................................................................................................ 54
3. Teratogeniciteit van klassieke anti-epileptica................................................................................ 54

Geneesmiddelen gebruikt in geval van spasmen ...................................................................................... 54
1. Centrale spierrelaxantia ................................................................................................................. 54
Baclofen ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Tizanidine........................................................................................................................................... 54
Diazepam ........................................................................................................................................... 54
2. Perifeer werkende spierrelaxantia................................................................................................. 54
Dantrolene ......................................................................................................................................... 54

Geneesmiddelen om migraine te behandelen ........................................................................................... 54
1. Geneesmiddelen om acute migraine aanvallen te behandelen .................................................... 55
Analgetica, NSAID’s............................................................................................................................ 55
Triptanen ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Ergot alkaloïden ................................................................................................................................. 55
2. Profylaxe geneesmiddelen voor migraine ..................................................................................... 55

3

, 4. Gastro-intestinaal stelsel ........................................................................................................... 55

Geneesmiddelen die gastrische en duodenale pathologiën behandelen .................................................. 55
Inhibitoren van de maagzuursecretie.................................................................................................... 56
Protonpompinhibitoren ..................................................................................................................... 56
Histamine H2-receptor antagonisten ................................................................................................ 57
Prostaglandine E1-analogen .............................................................................................................. 58
Antacida................................................................................................................................................. 58

Geneesmiddelen gebruikt voor lever-, galweg- en pancreas-aandoeningen ............................................ 58
1. Pancreatische enzymen ................................................................................................................. 58
2. Ursodeoxycholinezuur ................................................................................................................... 59

IBD – inflammatoire darmsyndromen ....................................................................................................... 59
1. 5-aminosalicylaten ......................................................................................................................... 60
2. Glucocorticoïden ............................................................................................................................ 60
3. Immunosuppressiva ....................................................................................................................... 60
Azathioprine ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Cyclosporine ...................................................................................................................................... 60
4. Biologicals ...................................................................................................................................... 61
Anti-TNF antilichamen ....................................................................................................................... 61
Vedoluzimab ...................................................................................................................................... 61

Spasmolytica ............................................................................................................................................. 61
1. Anticholinergica ............................................................................................................................. 61
2. Musculotrope spasmolytische middelen ....................................................................................... 61

Anti-emetica .............................................................................................................................................. 61
1. Scopolamine (hyoscine) ................................................................................................................. 62
2. H1 receptor antagonisten .............................................................................................................. 63
3. Antipsychotische middelen ............................................................................................................ 63
4. Middelen die de GI motiliteit bevorderen ..................................................................................... 63
5. 5-HT3 receptor antagonisten ......................................................................................................... 64
6. NK1 receptor antagonisten ............................................................................................................ 64

Laxativa ..................................................................................................................................................... 64
1. Bulkvormende laxativa .................................................................................................................. 64
2. Glijmiddel (lubricant) laxativa ........................................................................................................ 65
3. Osmotische laxativa ....................................................................................................................... 65
Lactitol, lactulose, sorbitol................................................................................................................. 65
Macrogol............................................................................................................................................ 66
Fosfaat en sulfaat laxativa ................................................................................................................. 66
4. Contactlaxativa .............................................................................................................................. 66
5. Prucalopride................................................................................................................................... 66

Anti-diarree middelen ............................................................................................................................... 67
1. Orale rehydratatie oplossingen, oral rehydration solution ........................................................... 67
2. Adsorbantia.................................................................................................................................... 67
3. Transit inhibitoren ......................................................................................................................... 67

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